The classification below shows the placement of all taxonomic entities included in this tool. Note that at this time, the tool only covers species that belong to the genus Apis (Family Apidae), the genera that belong to the family Megachilidae, the subgenera of Anthidium, Osmia, Megachile, and Ceratina, the species of Osmia (Osmia), and the Anthidium species of North America. The figure below shows a cladogram of bee family-level relationships based on one of the phylogenetic hypotheses concerning the relationships of the different bee families (Danforth et al. 2006; Michener 2007Michener 2007:
Michener, C.D. 2007. The Bees of the World (2nd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 953 pp.).
Family Apidae
Subfamily Apinae – includes honey bees (Apis), bumble bees, and others
Tribe Apini – honey bees
Apis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Apis (Apis) (Linnaeus, 1758)
Apis cerana (Fabricius, 1793)
Apis koschevnikovi (Enderlein, 1906)
Apis mellifera (Linnaeus, 1758)
Apis nigrocincta (Smith, 1861)
Apis nuluensis (Tingek, Koeniger & Koeniger, 1996)
Apis (Megapis) (Ashmead, 1904)
Apis dorsata (Fabricius, 1793)
Apis laboriosa (Smith, 1871)
Apis (Micrapis) (Ashmead, 1904)
Apis andreniformis (Smith, 1858)
Apis florea (Fabricius, 1787)
Subfamily Xylocopinae
Tribe Ceratinini
Ceratina Latreille, 1802
Ceratina (Calloceratina) Cockerell, 1924
Ceratina (Catoceratina) Vecht, 1952
Ceratina (Ceratina) Latreille, 1802
Ceratina (Ceratinidia) Cockerell and Porter, 1899
Ceratina (Ceratinula) Moure, 1941
Ceratina (Chloroceratina) Cockerell, 1918
Ceratina (Copoceratina) Terzo and Pauly, 2001
Ceratina (Crewella) Cockerell, 1903
Ceratina (Ctenoceratina) Daly and Moure, 1988
Ceratina (Dalyatina) Terzo et al., 2007
Ceratina (Euceratina) Hirashima, Moure, and Daly, 1971
Ceratina (Hirashima) Terzo and Pauly, 2001
Ceratina (Lioceratina) Vecht, 1952
Ceratina (Malgatina) Terzo and Pauly, 2001
Ceratina (Megaceratina) Hirashima, 1971
Ceratina (Neoceratina) Perkins, 1912
Ceratina (Neoclavicera) Roig Alsina, 2013
Ceratina (Pithitis) Klug, 1807
Ceratina (Protopithitis) Hirashima, 1969
Ceratina (Rhysoceratina) Michener, 2000
Ceratina (Simioceratina) Daly and Moure, 1988
Ceratina (Xanthoceratina) Vecht, 1952
Ceratina (Zadontomerus) Ashmead, 1899
Family Megachilidae
Subfamily Fideliinae
Tribe Fideliini
Fidelia (Friese, 1899)
Neofidelia (Moure & Michener, 1955)
Xenofidelia (Packer, 2017)
Tribe Pararhophitini
Pararhophites (Friese, 1898)
Subfamily Megachilinae
Tribe Anthidiini
Acedanthidium (Michener, 2000)
Afranthidium (Michener, 1948)
Afrostelis (Cockerell, 1931)
Anthidiellum (Cockerell, 1904)
Anthidioma (Pasteels, 1984)
Anthidium (Fabricius, 1804)
Anthidium (Anthidium) (Fabricius, 1804)
Anthidium atrifrons Cresson, 1868
Anthidium atripes Cresson, 1879
Anthidium atripoides Cresson, 1879
Anthidium aztecum Cresson, 1878
Anthidium banningense Cockerell, 1904
Anthidium chamelense Gonzalez and Griswold, 2013
Anthidium clypeodentatum Swenk, 1914
Anthidium cochimi Snelling, 1992
Anthidium cockerelli Schwarz, 1928
Anthidium collectum Huard, 1896
Anthidium dammersi Cockerell, 1937
Anthidium duomarginatum Gonzalez and Griswold, 2013
Anthidium edwardsii Cresson, 1878
Anthidium emarginatum (Say, 1824)
Anthidium florentinum (Fabricius, 1775)
Anthidium formosum Cresson, 1878
Anthidium hallinani Schwarz, 1933
Anthidium illustre Cresson, 1879
Anthidium jocosum Cresson, 1878
Anthidium labergei Gonzalez and Griswold, 2013
Anthidium maculifrons Smith, 1854
Anthidium maculosum Cresson, 1878
Anthidium manicatum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Anthidium michenerorum Gonzalez and Griswold, 2013
Anthidium mormonum Cresson, 1878
Anthidium multispinosum Gonzalez and Griswold, 2013
Anthidium oblongatum (Illiger, 1806)
Anthidium pallidiclypeum Jaycox, 1963
Anthidium palliventre Cresson, 1878
Anthidium palmarum Cockerell, 1904
Anthidium parkeri Gonzalez and Griswold, 2013
Anthidium paroselae Cockerell, 1898
Anthidium placitum Cresson, 1879
Anthidium platyfrons Gonzalez and Griswold, 1879
Anthidium porterae Cockerell, 1900
Anthidium psoraleae Robertson, 1902
Anthidium quetzalcoatli Schwarz, 1933
Anthidium rodecki Schwarz, 1934
Anthidium rodriguezi Cockerell, 1912
Anthidium schwarzi Gonzalez and Griswold, 2013
Anthidium sonorense Cockerell, 1923
Anthidium tenuiflorae Cockerell, 1907
Anthidium utahense Swenk, 1914
Anthidium (Gulanthidium) Pasteels, 1969
Anthidium (Nivanthidium) Pasteels, 1969
Anthidium (Proanthidium) Friese, 1898
Anthidium (Severanthidium) Pasteels, 1969
Anthidium (Turkanthidium) Pasteels, 1969
Anthodioctes (Holmberg, 1903)
Apianthidium (Pasteels, 1969)
Austrostelis (Michener & Griswold, 1994)
Aztecanthidium (Michener & Ordway, 1964)
Bathanthidium (Mavromoustakis, 1953)
Benanthis (Pasteels, 1969)
Cyphanthidium (Pasteels, 1969)
Dianthidium (Cockerell, 1900)
Duckeanthidium (Moure & Hurd, 1960)
Eoanthidium (Popov, 1950)
Epanthidium (Moure, 1947)
Euaspis (Gerstäcker, 1857)
Hoplostelis (Dominique, 1898)
Hypanthidioides (Moure, 1947)
Hypanthidium (Cockerell, 1904)
Icteranthidium (Michener, 1948)
Indanthidium (Michener & Griswold, 1994)
Larinostelis (Michener & Griswold, 1994)
Notanthidium (Isensee, 1927)
Pachyanthidium (Friese, 1905)
Paranthidium (Cockerell & Cockerell, 1901)
Plesianthidium (Cameron, 1905)
Pseudoanthidium (Friese, 1898)
Rhodanthidium (Isensee, 1927)
Serapista (Cockerell, 1904)
Stelis (Panzer, 1806)
Trachusa (Panzer, 1804)
Trachusoides (Michener & Griswold, 1994)
Xenostelis (Baker, 1999)
Tribe Aspidosmiini
Aspidosmia (Brauns, 1926)
Tribe Dioxyini
Aglaoapis (Cameron, 1901)
Allodioxys (Popov, 1947)
Dioxys (Lepeletier & Serville, 1825)
Ensliniana (Alfken, 1938)
Eudioxys (Mavromoustakis, 1963)
Metadioxys (Popov, 1947)
Paradioxys (Mocsary, 1894)
Prodioxys (Friese, 1914)
Tribe Lithurgini
Austrothurgus (Gonzalez & Engel, 2013)
Lithurgopsis (Fox, 1902)
Lithurgus (Berthold, 1827)
Microthurge (Michener, 1983)
Trichothurgus (Moure, 1949)
Tribe Megachilini
Austrochile Michener, 1965
Callomegachile Michener, 1962
Carinula Michener, 1994
Cesacongoa Kocak and Kemal, 2010
Chalicodoma Lepeletier, 1841
Chelostomoides Robertson, 1901
Cremnomegachile Gonzalez & Engel, 2019
Coelioxys (Latreille, 1809)
Dinavis Pasteels, 1965
Gronoceras (Cockerell, 1907)
Hackeriapis Cockerell, 1922
Heriadopsis (Cockerell, 1931)
Lophanthedon Gonzalez and Engel, 2012
Matangapis (Baker & Engel, 2006)
Maximegachile Guiglia and Pasteels, 1961
Megachile (Latreille, 1802)
Megachile (Acentron) Mitchell, 1934
Megachile (Addendella) Mitchell, 1980
Megachile (Aethomegachile) Baker and Engel, 2006
Megachile (Amegachile) Friese, 1909
Megachile (Aporiochile) Gonzalez and Engel 2018
Megachile (Argyropile) Mitchell, 1934
Megachile (Austromegachile) Mitchell, 1943
Megachile (Cestella) Pasteels, 1962
Megachile (Chaetochile) Mitchell, 1980
Megachile (Chalepochile) Gonzalez and Engel 2018
Megachile (Chalicodomoides) Michener, 1962
Megachile (Chelostomoda) Michener, 1962
Megachile (Chrysosarus) Mitchell, 1943
Megachile (Creightonella) Cockerell, 1908
Megachile (Cressoniella) Mitchell, 1934
Megachile (Dasymegachile) Mitchell, 1943
Megachile (Digitella) Pasteels, 1965
Megachile (Eurymella) Pasteels, 1965
Megachile (Eutricharaea) Thomson, 1872
Megachile (Leptorachina) Mitchell, 1980
Megachile (Leptorachis) Mitchell, 1934
Megachile (Litomegachile) Mitchell, 1934
Megachile (Megachile) Latreille, 1802
Megachile (Megachiloides) Mitchell, 1924
Megachile (Megella) Pasteels, 1965
Megachile (Melanosarus) Mitchell, 1934
Megachile (Mitchellapis) Michener, 1965
Megachile (Moureapis) Raw, 2002
Megachile (Neochelynia) Schrottky, 1920
Megachile (Neocressoniella) Gupta, 1993
Megachile (Paracella) Tkalcu, 1993
Megachile (Phaenosarus) Mitchell, 1934
Megachile (Pseudocentron) Mitchell, 1934
Megachile (Ptilosaroides) Mitchell, 1980
Megachile (Ptilosarus) Mitchell, 1943
Megachile (Rhodomegachile) Michener, 1965
Megachile (Rhyssomegachile) Michener, 1965
Megachile (Sayapis) Titus, 1906
Megachile (Stellenigris) Titus, 1906
Megachile (Trichurochile) Titus, 1906
Megachile (Tylomegachile) Titus, 1906
Megachile (Xanthosarus) Titus, 1906
Megachile (Zonomegachile) Titus, 1906
Neglectella Pasteels, 1965
Noteriades (Cockerell, 1931)
Pseudomegachile Friese, 1898
Radoszkowskiana (Popov, 1955)
Rozenapis Gonzalez and Engel 2019
Saucrochile Gonzalez & Engel, 2019
Schizomegachile Michener, 1965
Stenomegachile Pasteels, 1965
Thaumatosoma Smith, 1865
Tribe Osmiini
Afroheriades (Peters, 1970)
Ashmeadiella (Cockerell, 1897)
Atoposmia (Cockerell, 1935)
Bekilia (Benoist, 1962)
Chelostoma (Latreille, 1809)
Haetosmia (Popov, 1952)
Heriades (Spinola, 1808)
Hofferia (Tkalcu, 1984)
Hoplitis (Klug, 1807)
Ochreriades (Mavromoustakis, 1956)
Osmia (Panzer, 1806)
Osmia (Allosmia) Tkalcu, 1974
Osmia (Cephalosmia) Sladen, 1916
Osmia (Diceratosmia) Robertson, 1903
Osmia (Erythrosmia) Schmiedeknecht, 1885
Osmia (Euthosmia) Sinha, 1958
Osmia (Hapsidosmia) Rightmyer, Griswold, & Brady 2013
Osmia (Helicosmia) Thomson, 1872
Osmia (Hemiosmia) Tkalcu, 1975
Osmia (Hoplosmia) Thomson, 1872
Osmia (Melanosmia) Schmiedeknecht, 1885
Osmia (Metallinella) Tkalcu, 1966
Osmia (Nasutosmia) Griswold and Michener, 1998
Osmia (Neosmia) Tkalcu, 1974
Osmia (Osmia) Panzer 1806
Osmia apicata Smith, 1853
Osmia ariadne Peters, 1978
Osmia bicornis Linnaeus, 1758
Osmia cerinthidis Morawitz, 1876
Osmia cornifrons Radoszkowski, 1887
Osmia cornuta Latreille, 1805
Osmia cyrenaica Peters, 1978
Osmia emarginata Lepeletier, 1841
Osmia excavata Alfken, 1903
Osmia fedtschenkoi Morawitz, 1875
Osmia kohlii Ducke, 1899
Osmia lignaria Say, 1837
Osmia longicornis Morawitz, 1875
Osmia maxillaris Morawitz, 1875
Osmia maxschwarzi Müller, 2012
Osmia melanocephala Morawitz, 1875
Osmia mustelina Gerstäcker, 1869
Osmia mutensis Peters, 1978
Osmia nigrohirta Friese, 1899
Osmia opima Romankova, 1985
Osmia pedicornis Cockerell, 1919
Osmia quadricornuta Wu, 2004
Osmia ribifloris Cockerell, 1900
Osmia rufina Cockerell, 1931
Osmia rufinoides Wu, 2004
Osmia scheherazade Peters, 1978
Osmia taurus Smith, 1873
Osmia tricornis Latreille, 1811
Osmia yanbianensis Wu, 2004
Osmia (Ozbekosmia) Zanden, 1994
Osmia (Pyrosmia) Tkalcu, 1975
Osmia (Tergosmia) Warncke, 1988
Osmia (Trichinosmia) Sinha, 1958
Othinosmia (Michener, 1943)
Protosmia (Ducke, 1900)
Pseudoheriades (Peters, 1970)
Stenoheriades (Tkalcu, 1984)
Wainia (Tkalcu, 1980)
Xeroheriades (Griswold, 1986)
Authors: S. Burrows, C. Ritner, M. Christman, L. Spears, A. Smith-Pardo, S. Price, R. Ramirez, T. Griswold, A. Redford
Edition 3 - last updated November 2021
tool images at ITP Node
idtools.org
