Raoiella indica
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Fig. 1. Raoiella indica - alive, DIC, low temperature SEM (SEM image - Eric Erbe). |
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Fig. 2. Raoiella indica paratype female dorsum (India). |
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Fig. 3. Raoiella indica female dorsum (= Rarosiella cocosae paratype, The Philippines). |
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Fig. 4. Raoiella indica female dorsum (Saint Lucia). |
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Fig. 5. Raoiella indica female dorsum (Thailand). |
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Fig. 6. Raoiella indica female posterior dorsum. |
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Fig. 7. Raoiella indica female leg I, same leg in different focal planes (sol = solenidion; cs = companion seta). |
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Fig. 8. Raoiella indica female leg II (sol = solenidion; cs = companion seta; d = dorsal seta on tibia). |
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Fig. 9. Raoiella indica female leg I (arrow indicating dorsal seta on tibia). |
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Fig. 10. Raoiella indica adult female palp (s = solenidion; e = eupathidium). |
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Fig. 11. Raoiella indica adult male palp (s = solenidion; e = eupathidium). |
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Fig. 12. Raoiella indica posterior venter. |
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Fig. 13. Raoiella indica male dorsum. |
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Fig. 14. Raoiella indica male posterior venter. |
Authority
Hirst
Synonyms
Rarosiella cocosae Rimando 1996:3 (syn. Mesa et al. 2009) (from The Philippines)
Raoiella phoenica Meyer
Raoiella pandanae Mohanasundaram
Suspected synonyms
Raoiella camur Chaudhri & Akbar
Raoiella empedos Chaudhri & Akbar
Raoiella neotericus Chaudhri & Akbar
Raoiella obelias Hasan & Akbar
Raoiella rahii Akbar & Chaudhri
Key characters
- setae c1, d1, e1 weakly spatulate (e1 often tapered) (Figs. 1-5)
- setae c1 > d1 > e1 in length (Figs. 3-6)
- seta h1 subequal in length to h2 (make sure tapered tip is fully visible) (Fig. 6)
- seta h2 setiform, with finely tapered tip (often broken)
- seta f2 shorter than f3 (Fig. 6)
- coxae III-IV nude
- femur II with 4 setae (d, l', bv", v')
- genua I-II with 3 setae (d, l', l")
- tarsi I-II with companion seta obviously longer than solenidion (Figs. 7, 8)
- dorsal setae on tibiae I-II setiform, with finely tapered tip (Figs. 8, 9)
- palp tibiotarsus with one solenidion and one tapered, setiform eupathidium distally (Figs. 10, 11), and one seta dorsally
- setae ps1 and ps1 inserted distant to each other (Fig. 12)
- male with distinctively shaped posterior opisthsoma (Fig. 13)
- male with short ps1 setae, 8-11 microns (Fig. 14)
- male femur II and genua I-II same as female
- larva with short, setiform setae h2
Distribution
Antigua, Aruba, Barbados, Benin, Brazil, Cambodia, Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Granada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Kenya, *India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jamaica, Martinique, Mauritius, Mexico, Oman, Pakistan, Reunion, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Martin, Saint Vincent and Saint Thomas, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Thailand, The Philippines, Trinidad-Tobago, Tunisia, Turks & Caicos Islands, United Arab Emirates, USA (FL), US Virgin Islands, Venzuela
* - holotype
Hosts
Many palm species in family Arecaceae: Areca spp., Caryota mitis, *Cocos nucifera, Dypsis lutescens, Elaeis guineensis, Livistonia chinensis, Phoenix dactylifera, Phoenix spp., Rhapis excelsa, Washingtonia robusta.
Other hosts: Alpinia purpurata (Zingiberaceae), Heliconia spp. (Heliconiaceae), Musa spp. (Musaceae), Strelitzia reginae (Strelitziaceae)
* - holotype
Remarks
This species was redescribed by Beard et al. (2018) and placed in the newly proposed indica species group.
Biogeographic data provided in Dowling et al. (2008, 2012).
The Torre-Santana et al. (2010) record for Russia is erroneous. Mitrofanov & Strunkova (1979) clearly stated that R. indica does not occur in Russia.
References
Akbar (1990); Akbar & Chaudhri (1987); Al-Gboory (1987); Beard et al. (2018); Beard et al. (2012); Chandra & Channabasavanna (1974); Chaudhri & Akbar (1985); Chaudhri et al. (1974); Dowling et al. (2008; 2012); Gupta (1992); *Hirst (1924); Kane et al. (2012); Meyer (1979); Mohanasundaram (1989); Ochoa et al. (2011); Pritchard & Baker (1958); Sadana (1997); Sayed (1942)
* - original description
