Solanum carolinense

Species category

Weed

Common name

Carolina horsenettle, horsenettle, apple of Sodom, bull nettle, devil's tomato, sand briar

Diagnostic characters

Planting unit

True seedTrue seed:
A mature fertilized ovule consisting of an embryo, with or without and external food reserve (e.g., endosperm) enclosed by the testa.

Shape

LenticularLenticular:
Lens-shaped, circular in outline with convex sides.

Size

  • Length 2–3 mm 
  • Width 1.5–2 mm 
  • Thickness 0.4–0.6 mm 

Color

Light brown 

Texture

Faintly reticulatedReticulated:
Resembling a net or network, especially having veins, fibers, or lines crossing the surface.  
and leathery

Other structures

HilumHilum:
The scar on the seed coat at the place of its detachment from the seed stalk (funiculus).
large and only slightly indents the margin.

Identification notes

Seed does not have the sugary appearance as other Physalis spp. do. The surface seems leathery.

Noxious weed seed categories

State Noxious Weed: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey,  North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, West Virginia 

AOSA examination list

Included

More information

For more information, see ISMA fact sheet.

Nomenclature

Family

Solanaceae

Valid name

Solanum carolinense L.

Synonyms

Solanum carolinense L. 
Solanum carolinense
L. var. carolinense 
Solanum carolinense
L. var. floridanum (Shuttlw. ex Dunal) Chapm.
Solanum floridanum Shuttlw. ex Dunal 
Solanum godfreyi Shinners
Solanum pumilum Dunal
Solanum carolinense L. var. hirsutum (Nutt.) A. Gray 

From Left to Right: 1.  Solanum carolinense  2.  Solanum elaeagnifolium.
From Left to Right: 1. Solanum carolinense 2. Solanum elaeagnifolium.
 Solanum carolinense.  True seeds with leathery surfaces.
Solanum carolinense. True seeds with leathery surfaces.