Setaria italica

Species category

Agricultural

Common name

foxtail millet, Italian bristle grass, Italian foxtail, foxtail bristlegrass

Diagnostic characters

Planting unit

FloretFloret:
A small flower in a clustered inflorescence (e.g., sunflower, grasses). In grasses, a floret consists of the lemma, palea, stamens, and pistil.

Shape

OvalOval:
Broadly elliptic.

Size

  • Length 1.8–2 mm 
  • Width 1.5–1.8 mm 
  • Thickness 1.5–1.8 mm 

Color

Various, depending on cultivarCultivar:
A variety of cultivated crop.
selection

Texture

Minutely ridged

Lemma

Hard, arched and ovalOval:
Broadly elliptic.

Palea

Shiny edges exposed

Other structures

GlumesGlume:
The pair of chaffy bracts that occur at the base of a grass spikelet, often completely enclosing it.
are often present.

Identification notes

This species is found as both spikeletsSpikelet:
One or more florets that are subtended by a pair of bracts called glumes. Spikelets are pedicellate if located on a pedicle and sessile if attached directly to the rachis. Often spikelets with single florets have remnants of a second floret, usually a lemma.
and floretsFloret:
A small flower in a clustered inflorescence (e.g., sunflower, grasses). In grasses, a floret consists of the lemma, palea, stamens, and pistil.
. The colors vary from yellow to dark brown and red and sometimes with speckles. The caryopsisCaryopsis:
The single-seeded fruit or grain of the grass family (Poaceae); the fruit wall (pericarp) is united with the seed coat (testa).
is yellow and free of blue flecking as in S. viridis.

Noxious weed seed categories

Not listed

AOSA examination list

Included

Nomenclature

Family

Poaceae

Valid name

Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.

Synonyms

Chaetochloa italica (L.) Scribn.
Panicum italicum
L.
Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. var. metzgeri (Koern.) Jáv.
Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. subvar. metzgeri
Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. var. stramineofructa (F.T. Hubbard) L.H. Bailey 

From Left to Right:  1.  Setaria pumila  ssp.  pumila  2.  Setaria faberi  3.  Setaria viridis  4.  Setaria italica. 
From Left to Right:  1. Setaria pumila ssp. pumila 2. Setaria faberi 3. Setaria viridis 4. Setaria italica. 
 Setaria italica.  Yellow to dark brown florets.
Setaria italica. Yellow to dark brown florets.