Cirsium arvense

Species category

Weed

Common name

Canada thistle

Diagnostic characters

Planting unit

AcheneAchene:
A dry, hard, one-chambered, one-seeded indehiscent fruit, as in buckwheat (Fagopyrum) or sunflower (Helianthus). The fruit wall is not united with the seed coat.

Shape

Curved and obovateObovate:
Inverted egg shaped with apical end the broadest.

Size

  • Length: 3 mm
  • Width: 1 mm
  • Thickness: 1 mm

Color

Brown usually with a yellow collar, some yellow longitudinal lines.

Texture

Smooth

Other structures

StylarStylar:
The end of the fruit or seed that contains the style or the apical end.
knob is small.

Identification notes

AchenesAchene:
A dry, hard, one-chambered, one-seeded indehiscent fruit, as in buckwheat (Fagopyrum) or sunflower (Helianthus). The fruit wall is not united with the seed coat.
are oblong, sometimes curved, with a small stylarStylar:
The end of the fruit or seed that contains the style or the apical end.
knob and a basalBasal:
The base of the fruit or seed opposite the apical end.
scar. Color uniformly brown with apicalApical:
The distal end of the fruit or seed away from the point of attachment or attachment scar.
rim slightly lighter. AchenesAchene:
A dry, hard, one-chambered, one-seeded indehiscent fruit, as in buckwheat (Fagopyrum) or sunflower (Helianthus). The fruit wall is not united with the seed coat.
seldom retain their pappusPappus:
Modified calyx in Asteraceae, composed of hairs, bristles, awns, or scales. The pappus-like structure attached to milkweed seeds is termed a coma. 
in conditioned seed lots.

Noxious weed seed categories

State Noxious Weed: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, DC., Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia Wisconsin, Wyoming

Federal: This species is actionable only when found in field or vegetable seed for planting; toleranceTolerance:
The amount by which a second test may differ from a first test without being attributed to an actual difference in seed quality. Tolerances are usually based on normal random variation, or sampling error.
applies, see (7 CFR 361.6(a)(2)).

Learn more on ITP's Federal Noxious Weed Disseminules tool.

AOSA examination list

Included

More information

For more information, see ISMA fact sheet.

Nomenclature

Family

Asteraceae

Valid name

Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.

Synonyms

Breea arvensis (L.) Less.
Breea incana (S.G. Gmel.) W.A. Weber, ined.
Carduus arvensis (L.) Robson
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. var. argenteum (Vest) Fiori
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. var. horridum Wimm. & Grab.
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. var. integrifolium Wimm. & Grab.
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. var. mite Wimm. & Grab.
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. var. vestitum Wimm. & Grab.
Cirsium incanum (S.G. Gmel.) Fisch. ex M. Bieb.
Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Besser ex M. Bieb.
Serratula arvensis L.

On the Top:  Carduus nutans.  From Left to Right: 1.  Cirsium undulatum  2.  Cirsium vulgare  3.  Cirsium arvense . Achenes are brown, usually with a yellow collar and some yellow longitudinal lines. 
On the Top: Carduus nutans. From Left to Right: 1. Cirsium undulatum 2. Cirsium vulgare 3. Cirsium arvense. Achenes are brown, usually with a yellow collar and some yellow longitudinal lines. 
 Cirsium arvense.  Achenes are brown, usually with a yellow collar, some yellow longitudinal lines. Photo by Julia Scher, USDA-APHIS-PPQ.
Cirsium arvense. Achenes are brown, usually with a yellow collar, some yellow longitudinal lines. Photo by Julia Scher, USDA-APHIS-PPQ.
 Cirsium arvense.  Achenes with a small stylar knob. Photo by Julia Scher, USDA-APHIS-PPQ.
Cirsium arvense. Achenes with a small stylar knob. Photo by Julia Scher, USDA-APHIS-PPQ.
 Cirsium arvense.  Seed hilum. Photo by Julia Scher, USDA-APHIS-PPQ.
Cirsium arvense. Seed hilum. Photo by Julia Scher, USDA-APHIS-PPQ.
 Cirsium arvense . Achenes are curved with a small stylar knob and a basal scar. 
Cirsium arvense. Achenes are curved with a small stylar knob and a basal scar.