Phleum pratense

Species category

Agricultural

Common name

timothy, common timothy

Diagnostic characters

Planting unit

CaryopsisCaryopsis:
The single-seeded fruit or grain of the grass family (Poaceae); the fruit wall (pericarp) is united with the seed coat (testa).

Shape

OvalOval:
Broadly elliptic.

Size

  • Length 1.2–2 mm
  • Width 0.8–1 mm
  • Thickness 0.8–1 mm

Color

Brown caryopsisCaryopsis:
The single-seeded fruit or grain of the grass family (Poaceae); the fruit wall (pericarp) is united with the seed coat (testa).
Gray floretFloret:
A small flower in a clustered inflorescence (e.g., sunflower, grasses). In grasses, a floret consists of the lemma, palea, stamens, and pistil.

Texture

LemmaLemma:
One of two bracts of the grass floret; it is located on the side nearest the embryo and opposite the rachilla.
and palea scurfyScurf:
Having flakes on the surface.
; caryopsisCaryopsis:
The single-seeded fruit or grain of the grass family (Poaceae); the fruit wall (pericarp) is united with the seed coat (testa).
rough reticulate.

Lemma

Thin and papery; nerves converging at tip; hump at base.

Palea

Thin and papery

Other structures

Scar is slightly oblique. EmbryoEmbryo:
A rudimentary plant contained in a seed, usually consisting of a more or less differentiated axis and attached cotyledon(s).
is about 0.5 mm.

Identification notes

Unit can be either a floretFloret:
A small flower in a clustered inflorescence (e.g., sunflower, grasses). In grasses, a floret consists of the lemma, palea, stamens, and pistil.
or caryopsisCaryopsis:
The single-seeded fruit or grain of the grass family (Poaceae); the fruit wall (pericarp) is united with the seed coat (testa).
. It is round in cross section.

Noxious weed seed categories

State Noxious Weed: Delaware, Maryland, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia 

AOSA examination list

Included

More information

For more information, see ISMA fact sheet.

Nomenclature

Family

Poaceae

Valid name

Phleum pratense L.

Synonyms

Phleum nodosum L.
Phleum pratense
L. var. nodosum (L.) Huds.
Phleum pratense
L. ssp. nodosum (L.) Arcang.

 Phleum pratense.  Caryopsis with a slightly oblique scar.
Phleum pratense. Caryopsis with a slightly oblique scar.
 Phleum pratense.  Brown caryopsis and a gray floret.
Phleum pratense. Brown caryopsis and a gray floret.