Sonchus oleraceus

Species category

Weed

Common name

common sowthistle, sow-thistle, common sow-thistle, annual sowthistle, pualele, sow thistle

Diagnostic characters

Planting unit

AcheneAchene:
A dry, hard, one-chambered, one-seeded indehiscent fruit, as in buckwheat (Fagopyrum) or sunflower (Helianthus). The fruit wall is not united with the seed coat.

Shape

Long obovateObovate:
Inverted egg shaped with apical end the broadest.

Size

  • Length 2.5–3 mm
  • Width 0.8–1 mm
  • Thickness 0.4–0.6 mm

Color

Yellowish to brown

Texture

Ribs and interspaces tuberculateTuberculate:
Having small pimple-like protuberances.

Other structures

Longitudinal ribs; base and apexApical:
The distal end of the fruit or seed away from the point of attachment or attachment scar.
narrow.

Identification notes

AchenesAchene:
A dry, hard, one-chambered, one-seeded indehiscent fruit, as in buckwheat (Fagopyrum) or sunflower (Helianthus). The fruit wall is not united with the seed coat.
long obovateObovate:
Inverted egg shaped with apical end the broadest.
and compressed. Approximately four longitudinal ribs with line width and interspaces about equal. Strong cross reticulations on both ribs and interspaces. Small pappusPappus:
Modified calyx in Asteraceae, composed of hairs, bristles, awns, or scales. The pappus-like structure attached to milkweed seeds is termed a coma. 
and basalBasal:
The base of the fruit or seed opposite the apical end.
attachments. Color yellow to brown.

Noxious weed seed categories

Not listed

AOSA examination list

Included

Nomenclature

Family

Asteraceae

Valid name

Sonchus oleraceus L.

 Sonchus oleraceus.  Achenes that are yellow to brown in color. Photo by Julia Scher, USDA-APHIS-PPQ.
Sonchus oleraceus. Achenes that are yellow to brown in color. Photo by Julia Scher, USDA-APHIS-PPQ.
 Sonchus oleraceus.  Achenes with about four longitudinal ribs, with line width and interspaces about equal. Photo by Julia Scher, USDA-APHIS-PPQ.
Sonchus oleraceus. Achenes with about four longitudinal ribs, with line width and interspaces about equal. Photo by Julia Scher, USDA-APHIS-PPQ.
 Sonchus oleraceus.  Achenes with strong cross-reticulations on both the ribs and interspaces. Photo by Julia Scher, USDA-APHIS-PPQ.
Sonchus oleraceus. Achenes with strong cross-reticulations on both the ribs and interspaces. Photo by Julia Scher, USDA-APHIS-PPQ.
 Sonchus oleraceus.  Achenes with longitudinal ribs, bases, and a narrow apex. 
Sonchus oleraceus. Achenes with longitudinal ribs, bases, and a narrow apex.