Xanthium spinosum

Species category

Weed

Common name

spiny cocklebur, Bathurst burrBurr:
Has spikelets or flowers that are compressed closely together by lacking a central axis. The spikelet glumes are hard and pointed, e.g. buffalograss.
, cocklebur

Diagnostic characters

Planting unit

BurrBurr:
Has spikelets or flowers that are compressed closely together by lacking a central axis. The spikelet glumes are hard and pointed, e.g. buffalograss.

Shape

OvalOval:
Broadly elliptic.
with hooked spines (not shown)

Size

  • Length 10 mm
  • Width 5 mm
  • Thickness 5 mm

Color

Brown

Texture

Covered with hooked spines (not shown)

Other structures

Outer covering consists of involucreInvolucre:
A number of bracts (often leaf-like) that subtend an inflorescence such as the head in sunflowers.
bracts.

Identification notes

Seed unitSeed unit:
The structure usually regarded as a seed in planting practices and in commercial channels, consisting of a true seed with or without accessory structures, as defined in Section 2.6 of the AOSA Rules. See also true seed.
(burrBurr:
Has spikelets or flowers that are compressed closely together by lacking a central axis. The spikelet glumes are hard and pointed, e.g. buffalograss.
) is a fused involucreInvolucre:
A number of bracts (often leaf-like) that subtend an inflorescence such as the head in sunflowers.
which typically contains two achenesAchene:
A dry, hard, one-chambered, one-seeded indehiscent fruit, as in buckwheat (Fagopyrum) or sunflower (Helianthus). The fruit wall is not united with the seed coat.
. The surface of the involucreInvolucre:
A number of bracts (often leaf-like) that subtend an inflorescence such as the head in sunflowers.
is covered with hooked spines, which are broken off if the unit is subjected to rigorous conditioning.

Noxious weed seed categories

State Noxious Weed: Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas

AOSA examination list

Not included

More information

For more information, see ISMA fact sheet.

Nomenclature

Family

Asteraceae

Valid name

Xanthium spinosum L.

Synonyms

Acanthoxanthium spinosum (L.) Fourr.
Xanthium spinosum L. var. inerme Bel

 Xanthium spinosum.  Burr that is a fused involucre which typically contains two achenes.
Xanthium spinosum. Burr that is a fused involucre which typically contains two achenes.
 Xanthium spinosum.  Burr. Note hairs on body. One beak is hidden by a couple of spines. Photo courtesy of USDA-APHIS-PPQ.
Xanthium spinosum. Burr. Note hairs on body. One beak is hidden by a couple of spines. Photo courtesy of USDA-APHIS-PPQ.