Trifolium pratense

Species category

Agricultural

Common name

red clover

Diagnostic characters

Planting unit

True seedTrue seed:
A mature fertilized ovule consisting of an embryo, with or without and external food reserve (e.g., endosperm) enclosed by the testa.

Shape

Mitten-shaped with radicleRadicle:
The rudimentary root of the embryo, developing into the primary root after emergence from the seed coat.
(thumb) diverging

Size

  • Length 2–2.5 mm
  • Width 1–1.8 mm
  • Thickness 0.4–0.5 mm

Color

Yellow to purple, color can be two-toned starting with purple at the base and gradating to yellow at the tip of the cotyledonary lobe with various intensities of color.

Texture

Smooth to smooth-glossy

Other structures

RadicleRadicle:
The rudimentary root of the embryo, developing into the primary root after emergence from the seed coat.
lobe is divergent and half the length of the cotyledonCotyledon:
The modified storage leaf or pair of leaves of an embryo and seedling (see primary leaf).
lobe.

Identification notes

The overcolor of purple is not so much flecking or mottling as shading. In different seeds the purple can be seen only at the base, while in others the entire seed is black-purple. The radicleRadicle:
The rudimentary root of the embryo, developing into the primary root after emergence from the seed coat.
lobe divergence varies from slightly diverging to a strong divergence of almost 90 degrees from the seed's axis. Red clover is borne in a one-seeded podPod:
A dehiscent fruit produced by leguminous plants (beans, peas). Also known as a legume.
which gives the seed its uniformity of shape. Weathered and diseasedDiseased:
Showing symptoms of the presence and activity of pathological or detrimental microorganisms.
red clover seed may have a pitted texture and a rust-like color.

Comments

The cotyledonary lobe is round in cross- section. Because of this, when on a flat surface, the radical lobe is drawn downward. Viewed from above, the radicleRadicle:
The rudimentary root of the embryo, developing into the primary root after emergence from the seed coat.
lobe can appear to be just a bump jutting out from the cotyledonary lobe. The cotyledonary lobe may often take on a "pointing mitten" appearance.

Noxious weed seed categories

Not listed

AOSA examination list

Included

More information

For more information, see ISMA fact sheet.

Nomenclature

Family

Fabaceae

Valid name

Trifolium pratense L.

Synonyms

TTrifolium pratense L. var. frigidum auct. non Gaudin
Trifolium pratense L. var. sativum (Mill.) Schreb.

 Trifolium pratense.  True seeds with purple shading. Photo courtesy of Colorado State University, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences.
Trifolium pratense. True seeds with purple shading. Photo courtesy of Colorado State University, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences.