Sorghum bicolor subsp. bicolor

Species category

Weed

Common name

grain sorghum

Diagnostic characters

Planting unit

SpikeletSpikelet:
One or more florets that are subtended by a pair of bracts called glumes. Spikelets are pedicellate if located on a pedicle and sessile if attached directly to the rachis. Often spikelets with single florets have remnants of a second floret, usually a lemma.

Shape

EllipticElliptic:
Outline of an ellipse; greatest width midway sloping to an equally pointed apex and base.

Size

  • Length 4.5–5 mm
  • Width 2.5–3 mm
  • Thickness 1.8–2 mm

Color

Black

Texture

Shiny with hairs at the glumesGlume:
The pair of chaffy bracts that occur at the base of a grass spikelet, often completely enclosing it.
apex

Lemma

Papery lemmaLemma:
One of two bracts of the grass floret; it is located on the side nearest the embryo and opposite the rachilla.
enclosed in glumesGlume:
The pair of chaffy bracts that occur at the base of a grass spikelet, often completely enclosing it.

Palea

Papery paleaPalea:
One of the thin bracts of grass floret enclosing the fruit (caryopsis) that is located on the side opposite the embryo.
enclosed in glumesGlume:
The pair of chaffy bracts that occur at the base of a grass spikelet, often completely enclosing it.
.

Other structures

Rachis segmentRachis segment:
A segment of the central axis of the inflorescence (rachis). In some species (e.g. Andropogon) separation of the sessile spikelets occurs when the rachis disarticulates at the spikelet bases leaving the segment of the rachis between spikelets attached to the lower spikelet.
and pedicelPedicel:
The stalk within an inflorescence supporting a single flower or spikelet.
attached to the base of the spikeletSpikelet:
One or more florets that are subtended by a pair of bracts called glumes. Spikelets are pedicellate if located on a pedicle and sessile if attached directly to the rachis. Often spikelets with single florets have remnants of a second floret, usually a lemma.
.

Identification notes

Characteristics are typical to Sorghum group. The most unique character is the appressedAppressed:
Pressed close or lying flat against something.
hairs at the apexApical:
The distal end of the fruit or seed away from the point of attachment or attachment scar.
of the glumesGlume:
The pair of chaffy bracts that occur at the base of a grass spikelet, often completely enclosing it.
.

Noxious weed seed categories

State Noxious Weed: Alabama, California, Delaware, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, New Jersey, Nevada, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington

AOSA examination list

Included

Nomenclature

Family

Poaceae

Valid name

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. bicolor

Synonyms

Holcus bicolor L.
Holcus sorghum L.
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench var. caffrorum (Retz.) Mohlenbr.
Sorghum caffrorum (Retz.) P. Beauv.
Sorghum caudatum (Hack.) Stapf
Sorghum cernuum (Ard.) Host
Sorghum dochna (Forssk.) Snowden
Sorghum dochna (Forssk.) Snowden var. technicum (Koern.) Snowden
Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Stapf
Sorghum guineense Stapf
Sorghum nervosum Besser ex Schult.
Sorghum saccharatum (L.) Moench, nom. utique rej.
Sorghum subglabrescens Schweinf. & Asch.
Sorghum vulgare Pers. 
Sorghum vulgare Pers. var. caffrorum (Retz.) Hubbard & Rehder
Sorghum vulgare Pers. var. durra (Forssk.) Hubbard & Rehder
Sorghum vulgare Pers. var. roxburghii (Stapf) Haines
Sorghum vulgare Pers. var. saccharatum (L.) Boerl., nom. utique rej.
Sorghum vulgare Pers. var. technicum (Koern.) Jáv.
 Sorghum bicolor  subsp.  bicolor . Spikelets with appressed hairs at the apex of the glumes.
Sorghum bicolor subsp. bicolor. Spikelets with appressed hairs at the apex of the glumes.
 Sorghum bicolor  subsp.  bicolor . Spikelets with appressed hairs at the apex of the glumes.
Sorghum bicolor subsp. bicolor. Spikelets with appressed hairs at the apex of the glumes.