Overview
Adoxophyes is a genus in the Archipini that contains approximately 50 species. Most species diversity occurs in Asia and Australasia, although the genus is present in all regions except the neotropics. Forewing markings are consistent across the genus, with many species exhibiting a generalized fasciate pattern with horizontal reticulations. Genitalic differences between species are often minor, and it is difficult to separate closely related taxa using only morphology.
The most economically important species is A. orana, which is a major pest of fruit crops in the Palearctic. Larvae are highly polyphagous but cause most economic damage to apple and pear. Several subspecies and related species are present in Asia, where the tea-feeding populations are generally thought to be distinct from the apple-feeding populations.
It is not known how many Adoxophyes larvae arrive at U.S. ports due to a lack of diagnostic characters for the genus. Molecular diagnostics are necessary to identify larvae in most cases.
Four species are treated here, including two Nearctic non-targets.
Target species
Adoxophyes orana (including Adoxophyes honmai)
Non-target species Adoxophyes furcatana
Adoxophyes negundana
References
Beeke, H. and D. J. De Jong. 1991. Identification of Larvae and Pupae, pp. 65-76. In L. P. S. van der Geest and H. H. Evenhius [eds.], Tortricid Pests: Their Biology, Natural Enemies, and Control. World Crop Pests, Vol. 5. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Bradley, J. D., W. G. Tremewan and A. Smith. 1973. British Tortricoid Moths - Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London, England.
Freeman, T. N. 1958. The Archipinae of North America (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The Canadian Entomologist Supplement 7 (Vol. 90): 1-89.
Lee, S. Y., H. Park, K. S. Boo, K.-T. Park and S. Cho. 2005. Molecular identification of Adoxophyes honmai (Yasuda) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) based on mitochondrial COI gene sequences. Molecules and cells. 19: 391-397.
Sakamaki, Y. and T. Hayakawa. 2004. Specific differences in larval and pupal characters of Japanese species of Adoxophyes (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology. 39: 443-453.
Yasuda, T. 1998. The Japanese species of the genus Adoxophyes Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan. 49: 159-173.
Zhou, J.-H., H.-G. Qui and W.-J. Fu. 1997. Summer fruit tortrix Adoxophyes orana should be classified as two subspecies (Lepidoptera: Tortricoidea: Tortricidae). Entomotaxonomia. 19: 130-135.
