Botryonopa Guerin 1840b: 332

Synonomys

Botryonopa Chevrolat 1836: 387 Nomen nudum.

Botryonopa Blanchard 1845: 181.

Botrionopa Chevrolat (misspelling).

Hispopria Baly 1858: 90.

Hisparia Baly (misspelling).

Type Species

Botryonopa sanguinea Guérin-Méneville.

Diagnosis

Botryonopa can be distinguished by the following combination of characters:

• lateral margin of pronotumpronotum:
  occupies all of dorsal part of the prothorax; in anterior angles or posterior angles there may be a small tubercle or pore with a seta
  and elytra without long, stiff spines
• head without frontal horn between antennae
• pronotum pronotum:
  occupies all of dorsal part of the prothorax; in anterior angles or posterior angles there may be a small tubercle or pore with a seta
  without seta in any angle
• all femora with tooth
• elytral punctures arranged in rows
• elytra subparallel or slightly expanding apically

Description

Large (14 to 24 mm); elongate; color often red but some species metallic blue.

Head: large; eyeeye:
elongate, slightly prominent, multifaceted; usually slightly kidney-shaped
oval; clypeusclypeus:
usually quadrangular, elongate; joined to the labrum
absent; labrumlabrum:
triangular, joined to the clypeus and the oral orifice
transverse, truncate, with long setae; mandible large; maxillary palps robust, palpomere 1 short, 2 and 3 subequal in length, obconic, 4 oval; maxillary palps subcompressed, palpomere 1 small, 2 obconic, 3 subovate.

Antenna: ½ body length; filiform, robust; cylindrical; with 11-antennomeres; antennomere 1 thick, subglobose; 3 longest; 11 pointed at apex.

Pronotum: transverse; lateral margin nearly straight; anterior margin slightly produced, rounded; posterior margin bisinuate; posterior angle acute, projecting.

Scutellum: oblong; apex rounded.

Elytron: elongate; lateral margin nearly straight or slightly expanding apically; moderately convex, but flattened along disc; regularly punctate-striate.

Venter: abdominal sterna 1 and 2 with suture distinct.

Leg: robust; long; all femora with tooth on inner margin; tibiatibia:
variable in length; joins femur and tarsus
obliquely truncate apically.

Distribution

Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.

World Fauna

Described species: 38 (Staines 2012). Key: Maulik 1919, Chûjô 1933, Gressitt 1950, Gressitt & Kimoto 1963a, Würmli 1976a, Kimoto 1999.

Hosts

Cocos, Daemonorops, Eugeissona, Mextroxylon, Oncosperma (Arecaceae); Poaceae.

References

Baly, J. S. 1858. Catalogue of Hispidae in the collection of the BritishMuseum. London, 172 pp.

Blanchard, C. E. 1845. Histoire des insectes, traitant de leurs moeurs et de leurs métamorhoposes en général, et comprenant une nouvelle classification fondée sur leurs rapports naturels. Vol. 2. F. Savy. Paris. 524 pp.

Chevrolat, L. A. A. 1836. in P. F. M. A. Dejean, Catalogue des Coléoptères de la collection de M. le comte Dejean. Troisième edition, revue, corrigée et augmentée, livr. 5, pp. 385‑503. Mequignon-Marvis. Paris.

Chûjô, M. 1933. Studies on the Chrysomelidae in the Japanese Empire (IV). Transactions of the Natural History Society of Formosa 23:305‑334.

Gressitt, J. L. 1950. The hispine beetles of China (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Lingnan Science Journal 23(1-2):53-142.

Gressitt, J. L. & S. Kimoto. 1963a. The Chrysomelidae (Coleopt.) of China and Korea. Part 2. Pacific Insects Monograph 1B:301‑1026.

Kimoto, S. 1999. Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) of Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. VI. Hispinae. Bulletin of the Institute of Comparative Studies of International Cultures and Societies 23: 59-159.

Maulik, S. 1919. Hispinae and Cassidinae of India, Burma and Ceylon. The fauna of British India. Taylor & Francis, London. 439 pp.

Staines, C. L. 2012. Tribe Botryonopini. Catalog of the hispines of the world (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae). http://entomology.si.edu/Collections_Coleoptera.html

Würmli, M. 1976a. Revision der Tribus Botryonopini (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Hispinae). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 27:70-99.