Bees dying in front of colony; have "shivering" appearance; are sometimes hairless. Entire colony dies quickly in fall. Signs are variable and not well characterized; mimics signs of other viruses.
Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) was first described in 2004 in Israel. It is now widespread. Infected bees have “shivering” wings, with darkened, hairless abdomenabdomen:
the segmented, posterior (third) part of the bee body that contains heart, honey, stomach, intestines, Malphigian tubules, reproductive organs, and sting
and thoraxthorax:
the middle region of the adult bee body, which lies in between the head and the abdomen; consists of three segments: pro-, meso-, and meta-thorax; thorax attachments include three pairs of legs and two pairs of wings
. Paralysis of body results. Heavily infected bees die just outside the hive. Disease is present in all life stages and in brood. Under lab conditions, bees injected with the virus die in three days. Correlated with colony collapse disorder.
acute and chronic bee paralysis viruses; Kashmir bee virus
Chen YP, et al. 2014. Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Implications for Honey Bee Health. PLoS PATHOGENS. https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1004261
Yates D. 2020. Virus-infected honey bees more likely to gain entrance to healthy hives. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign News Bureau. Accessed 2023. https://news.illinois.edu/view/6367/808197
Grozinger C, Underwood R, and Lόpez-Uribe M. 2020. Viruses in Honey Bees. PennState Extension. Accessed 2023. https://extension.psu.edu/viruses-in-honey-bees
Moore PA, Wilson ME, and Skinner JA. 2019 update. Honey Bee Viruses, the Deadly Varroa Mite Associates. Bee Health. Accessed 2023. https://bee-health.extension.org/honey-bee-viruses-the-deadly-varroa-mite-associates/
