Mesostigmata

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Taxonomy

updated 2025

Diagnostic characters

• Dorsaldorsal:
  relating to the upper or back side; opposed to ventral.
  shield well sclerotized, often strongly ornamented, with 27–30 pairs of setaeseta:
  (pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
  (except Epicriopsis), setaeseta:
  (pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
  J5 absent
• Sternal shieldsternal shield:
  a shield in the anterior intercoxal region of parasitiform mites that bears one or more pairs of sternal setae.
  often reduced to 2 pairs of setaeseta:
  (pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
  , st3 on shield or on platelets
• Corniculicorniculus:
  (pl. corniculi) (also, external malae) a usually horn-like process (sometimes toothed, bifurcate, trifurcate, spine-like, spatulate, or membranous) on the subcapitulum of parasitiform mites that usually supports the salivary styli.  A toothed corniculus could be confused with a rutellum, a possibly homologous structure in Acariformes and Opilioacarida. Phytoseiid image is spatulate corniculus.
  often toothed
• Chelicerae sometimes with membranous lobe
• Tectumgnathotectum:
  (= epistome, tectum) an often membranous dorsal projection of the anterior margin of the basis capitulum in Mesostigmata; often diagnostic at family-, genus- or species-levels; also often difficult to see without high magnification and good optics.
  usually simplesimple:
  unadorned; simple setae are needle-like and without hairs or pectins.
  , smoothly (rarely toothed) triangular or weakly to strongly mucronate

Soil/nest/stored product-inhabiting genera:

Ameroseiella Bregetova—1 sp. (apodius (Karg)); dorsaldorsal:
relating to the upper or back side; opposed to ventral.
shield with 29 pairs of mostly densely barbed, foliose setaeseta:
(pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
; corniculicorniculus:
(pl. corniculi) (also, external malae) a usually horn-like process (sometimes toothed, bifurcate, trifurcate, spine-like, spatulate, or membranous) on the subcapitulum of parasitiform mites that usually supports the salivary styli.  A toothed corniculus could be confused with a rutellum, a possibly homologous structure in Acariformes and Opilioacarida. Phytoseiid image is spatulate corniculus.
bifurcate distally; leg I without pretarsustarsal apotele:
(also pretarsus) the most distal segments of legs and palps bearing the claws and empodium
, terminating in long setaeseta:
(pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
; pretarsi 2–4 with claws.

Ameroseius Berlese (including Kleemannia Oudemans =Primoseius Womersley, =Klemannia misspelling)—greater than 30 spp.; dorsaldorsal:
relating to the upper or back side; opposed to ventral.
shield strongly ornamented, often with reticulatereticulate:
foveate - having a net-like ornamentation composed of irregular, rounded cells. Also having a net-like structure; usually referring to ornamentation on shields composed of irregular, angular cells.
ridges, with 29 pairs of strongly barbed acuminate to foliose setaeseta:
(pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
; sternal shieldsternal shield:
a shield in the anterior intercoxal region of parasitiform mites that bears one or more pairs of sternal setae.
with 2–3 pairs of setaeseta:
(pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
; corniculicorniculus:
(pl. corniculi) (also, external malae) a usually horn-like process (sometimes toothed, bifurcate, trifurcate, spine-like, spatulate, or membranous) on the subcapitulum of parasitiform mites that usually supports the salivary styli.  A toothed corniculus could be confused with a rutellum, a possibly homologous structure in Acariformes and Opilioacarida. Phytoseiid image is spatulate corniculus.
bifid or toothed distally; genugenu:
(pl. genua) (= patella) the 4th leg segment, between the femur and tibia.
II with 2 ventral setaeseta:
(pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
; pretarsi with claws; genugenu:
(pl. genua) (= patella) the 4th leg segment, between the femur and tibia.
II with one or two (Kleemannia) pl setaeseta:
(pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
; palp apotelepalptarsal apotele:
(= palp apotele, palptarsal claw) the most distal segment of the palp; absent in Acariformes, claw-like in Opilioacarida, and a subdistal, tined structure in the Mesostigmata.
3-tined or 2-tined (Kleemannia); with anal or ventrianal (Kleemannia) shield.

Asperolaelaps Womersley—1 sp. (rotundus Womersley); dorsaldorsal:
relating to the upper or back side; opposed to ventral.
shield with 29 pairs of setae:seta:
(pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
: j5, z2, z4, z6, s5, Z2 and S5 thick, pilosepilose:
with a covering of hairs or hair-like processes.
and mounted on tubercles; pretarsi with claws. Sometimes placed in Neocypholaelaps.

Brontispalaelaps Womersley—2 spp.; dorsaldorsal:
relating to the upper or back side; opposed to ventral.
shield strongly ornamented, with 27 pairs of mostly long setaeseta:
(pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
; sternal shieldsternal shield:
a shield in the anterior intercoxal region of parasitiform mites that bears one or more pairs of sternal setae.
with 3 pairs of setaeseta:
(pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
; corniculicorniculus:
(pl. corniculi) (also, external malae) a usually horn-like process (sometimes toothed, bifurcate, trifurcate, spine-like, spatulate, or membranous) on the subcapitulum of parasitiform mites that usually supports the salivary styli.  A toothed corniculus could be confused with a rutellum, a possibly homologous structure in Acariformes and Opilioacarida. Phytoseiid image is spatulate corniculus.
bifid distally; genugenu:
(pl. genua) (= patella) the 4th leg segment, between the femur and tibia.
II without ventral setaeseta:
(pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
; palp apotelepalptarsal apotele:
(= palp apotele, palptarsal claw) the most distal segment of the palp; absent in Acariformes, claw-like in Opilioacarida, and a subdistal, tined structure in the Mesostigmata.
3-tined; pretarsi with claws.

Epicriopsis Berlese—8 spp.; dorsaldorsal:
relating to the upper or back side; opposed to ventral.
shield ornamented with tubercles, with <25 pairs of often elongate, thickened and barbed setaeseta:
(pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
; genugenu:
(pl. genua) (= patella) the 4th leg segment, between the femur and tibia.
II with 2 ventral setaeseta:
(pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
; palp apotelepalptarsal apotele:
(= palp apotele, palptarsal claw) the most distal segment of the palp; absent in Acariformes, claw-like in Opilioacarida, and a subdistal, tined structure in the Mesostigmata.
3-tined; pretarsi with claws.

Seritympanum Elsen and Whitaker—3 spp.; dorsaldorsal:
relating to the upper or back side; opposed to ventral.
shield strongly sculptured with 28–29 pairs of mostly spatulatespatulate:
(Latin spatula = spoon) spatula-shaped; variously interpreted, but usually referring to setae that are flattened and somewhat expanded distally.
to club-shaped setaeseta:
(pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
; setaeseta:
(pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
j1 on bifid, projecting vertexvertex:
an anterior extension of the idiosoma that covers the capitulum in many uropodid mites.
; sternal shieldsternal shield:
a shield in the anterior intercoxal region of parasitiform mites that bears one or more pairs of sternal setae.
with 2 pairs of setaeseta:
(pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
and three cogwheel-like ornaments; ventrianal shieldventrianal shield:
in Mesostigmata, a ventral shield bearing the anal opening, circum anal setae, and one or more pairs of ventral setae or pores (lyrifissures) [see anal shield]; maybe rather narrow or very broad and covering most of the gaster.
bearing 2 pairs of ventral setaeseta:
(pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
; corniculicorniculus:
(pl. corniculi) (also, external malae) a usually horn-like process (sometimes toothed, bifurcate, trifurcate, spine-like, spatulate, or membranous) on the subcapitulum of parasitiform mites that usually supports the salivary styli.  A toothed corniculus could be confused with a rutellum, a possibly homologous structure in Acariformes and Opilioacarida. Phytoseiid image is spatulate corniculus.
with 3 teeth; palp apotelepalptarsal apotele:
(= palp apotele, palptarsal claw) the most distal segment of the palp; absent in Acariformes, claw-like in Opilioacarida, and a subdistal, tined structure in the Mesostigmata.
2-tined; pretarsi with claws.

Key to adult females of soil/nest inhabiting genera

1. Dorsaldorsal:
   relating to the upper or back side; opposed to ventral.
   shield with marginal ring of tubercles bearing setaeseta:
   (pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
   j5, z2, z4, z6, s5, Z2, and S5; forest litter in eastern Australia.............................. Asperolaelaps
   - Not as above.............................. 2

2. Sternal shieldsternal shield:
   a shield in the anterior intercoxal region of parasitiform mites that bears one or more pairs of sternal setae.
   with 3 cog-like circular ornaments; dorsaldorsal:
   relating to the upper or back side; opposed to ventral.
   shield setaeseta:
   (pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
   short, club-shaped to spatulatespatulate:
   (Latin spatula = spoon) spatula-shaped; variously interpreted, but usually referring to setae that are flattened and somewhat expanded distally.
   ; setaeseta:
   (pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
   j1 on bifid vertexvertex:
   an anterior extension of the idiosoma that covers the capitulum in many uropodid mites.
   .............................. Seritympanum
   - Not as above.............................. 3

3. Pretarsustarsal apotele:
   (also pretarsus) the most distal segments of legs and palps bearing the claws and empodium
   I without claws.............................. Ameroseiella
   - Pretarsustarsal apotele:
   (also pretarsus) the most distal segments of legs and palps bearing the claws and empodium
   I with claws.............................. 4

4. Dorsaldorsal:
   relating to the upper or back side; opposed to ventral.
   shield with 24 or fewer pairs of setaeseta:
   (pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
   .............................. Epicriopsis
   - Dorsaldorsal:
   relating to the upper or back side; opposed to ventral.
   shield with 27–29 pairs of setaeseta:
   (pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
   .............................. 5

5. Dorsaldorsal:
   relating to the upper or back side; opposed to ventral.
   shield with 27 pairs of setaeseta:
   (pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
   ; genugenu:
   (pl. genua) (= patella) the 4th leg segment, between the femur and tibia.
   II without ventral setaeseta:
   (pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
   .............................. Brontispalaelaps
   - Dorsaldorsal:
   relating to the upper or back side; opposed to ventral.
   shield with 29 pairs of setaeseta:
   (pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
   ; genugenu:
   (pl. genua) (= patella) the 4th leg segment, between the femur and tibia.
   II with 2 ventral setaeseta:
   (pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
   .............................. 6

6. Anal shield with 3 setaeseta:
   (pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
   ; genugenu:
   (pl. genua) (= patella) the 4th leg segment, between the femur and tibia.
   III with 1 pl setaseta:
   (pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
   ; palp apotelepalptarsal apotele:
   (= palp apotele, palptarsal claw) the most distal segment of the palp; absent in Acariformes, claw-like in Opilioacarida, and a subdistal, tined structure in the Mesostigmata.
   3-tined.............................. Ameroseius
   - Ventrianal shieldventrianal shield:
   in Mesostigmata, a ventral shield bearing the anal opening, circum anal setae, and one or more pairs of ventral setae or pores (lyrifissures) [see anal shield]; maybe rather narrow or very broad and covering most of the gaster.
   with 5 or more setaeseta:
   (pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
   ; genugenu:
   (pl. genua) (= patella) the 4th leg segment, between the femur and tibia.
   III with 2 pl setaseta:
   (pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
   ; palp apotelepalptarsal apotele:
   (= palp apotele, palptarsal claw) the most distal segment of the palp; absent in Acariformes, claw-like in Opilioacarida, and a subdistal, tined structure in the Mesostigmata.
   2-tined.............................. Kleemannia

Similar taxa

The most reliable character for the Ameroseiidae is the lack of setaeseta:
(pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
J5 on the posteriorposterior:
the back part of the body or towards that region in comparison, e.g., 'posterior to'.
dorsal shield. However, among the taxa with toothed or bifurcate corniculicorniculus:
(pl. corniculi) (also, external malae) a usually horn-like process (sometimes toothed, bifurcate, trifurcate, spine-like, spatulate, or membranous) on the subcapitulum of parasitiform mites that usually supports the salivary styli.  A toothed corniculus could be confused with a rutellum, a possibly homologous structure in Acariformes and Opilioacarida. Phytoseiid image is spatulate corniculus.
, ameroseiids are likely to be commonly confused only with species of Proctolaelaps, which occur in similar habitats (e.g., flowers, nests, stored products), but they have numerous dorsaldorsal:
relating to the upper or back side; opposed to ventral.
shield setaeseta:
(pl. setae, from L. = bristle) cuticular process composed of a hollow shaft (sometimes filled with a refractive material) produced from a membranous socket (the alveolus); the hair-like, spine-like, branched or variously expanded structures on the surfaces of the legs and body.  Most setae function as mechanoreceptors, but others (e.g., solenidia) are chemoreceptors or have unknown or ambiguous functions.
(including most of the r–R rows) and a ventralventral:
relating to the lower or under side; opposed to dorsal.
mucro on the chelicerae.

Ecology and distribution

Unusually for Mesostigmata, most ameroseiids feed on non-animal foods, especially fungi, pollen and nectar. Species of Ameroseius Berlese (including Kleemannia) can be found in forest litter, garden mulch, nests, tree hollows, and stored products where they feed on fungi (and possibly on invertebrates). Occasionally, they are pests in buildings where organic matter (including construction materials) has become wet and moldy. Species of Seritympanum Elsen and Whitaker have been collected phoretic on small rodents and presumably inhabit their nests. Epicriopsis walteri Halliday lives in rainforest floor litter and can be reared on fungal hyphae.  Asperolaelaps rotundus Womersley also lives in rainforest litter. They are slow moving mites that carry pieces of detritus on their flattened dorsa.

References

• Elsen and Whitaker 1985Elsen and Whitaker 1985:
  Elsen P and Whitaker JO, Jr. 1985. Seritympanum, a new genus of Ameroseiidae (Acarina, Mesostigmata) taken from rodents in the United States: including descriptions of three new species in the genus. Acarologia 26: 117-122.
• Evans 1963Evans 1963:
  Evans GO. 1963. The genus Neocypholaelaps Vitzthum (Acari: Mesostigmata). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (13th ser.) 6: 209-230.
• Halliday 1997aHalliday 1997a:
  Halliday RB. 1997a. Revision of the Australian Ameroseiidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata). Invertebrate Taxonomy 10: 179-201.
• Hughes 1976Hughes 1976:
  Hughes AM. 1976. The Mites of Stored Food and Houses (2nd ed.). Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Technical Bulletin 9. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.
• Seeman 1996Seeman 1996:
  Seeman OD. 1996. Flower mites and phoresy: The biology of Hattena panopla Domrow and Hattena cometis Domrow (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ameroseiidae). Australian Journal of Zoology 44: 193-203.
• Seeman and Walter 1995Seeman and Walter 1995:
  Seeman OD and Walter DE. 1995. Life history of Afrocypholaelaps africana (Evans) (Parasitiformes: Ameroseiidae), a mite inhabiting mangrove flowers and phoretic on honeybees. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 34: 45-50.