KEYS    About TortAI    Fact Sheets    Glossary    ID Thumbnails    DNA Search    Dissection Guides Pandemis heparana << Previous Next >> CAPS Secondary Target - Adult Pandemis heparana (Denis & Schiffermuller) (Tortricidae: Tortricinae: Archipini) Common names: dark fruit-tree tortrix Synonyms: cappana (Tortrix), cappata (Tortrix), carpiniana (Tortrix), fasciana (Pyralis), heperana (Tortrix), padana (Tortrix), pasquayana (Tortrix), rubrana (Tortrix), subclarana (var.), vulpisana (Lozotaenia) Fig. 1: Male Fig. 1: Male Fig. 2: Male Fig. 2: Male Fig. 3: Male Fig. 3: Male Fig. 4: Female Fig. 4: Female Fig. 5: Male genitalia Fig. 5: Male genitalia Fig. 6: Female genitalia Fig. 6: Female genitalia Fig. 7: Larva Fig. 7: Larva Adult Recognition FWL: 8.0-12.0 mm Adults are medium brown with fasciate markings and light to medium grayish-brown hindwings. Pandemis heparana can be separated from other Pandemis listed here by the grayish-brown hindwings and the lack of dark scales on the second abdominal sternite in the male. Six species of Pandemis occur in the Nearctic. Four, P. canadana, P. lamprosana, P. limitata, and P. pyrusana, are native, while two, P. cerasana and P. heparana, have been introduced from the Palearctic. All species treated here have a straw (yellow) to brown forewing with brown to dark-brown markings consisting of a patch on the costa below the apex, a median band that extends from costa to dorsum, and a basal band. The two bands (or fasciae) may be lined with light or dark scales in some individuals, creating the appearance of three lines running vertically across the wing. Males have a distinctive notch at the base of the antennae and modified dark scales on the ventral surface of abdominal segments 2-3 (this character is absent in P. lamprosana and P. heparana). Males lack a forewing costal fold. Species identification within the group is difficult. Pandemis lamprosana, P. cerasana, and P. heparana, can be identified by wing color and male genitalia. The other three species, P. canadana, P. limitata, and P. pyrusana, exhibit variable wing patterns, share identical genitalia, and cannot be reliably separated where their distributions overlap. The following table lists a combination of wing color and geographic distribution that can be used to identify many Pandemis individuals collected in the U.S. Pandemis species Forewing color Hindwing color Sex scales on male 2nd abd. segment Distribution canadana medium to dark brown all gray present Maine, Colorado, Wyoming, Southern Canada cerasana straw to light brown grayish brown present Pacific Northwest, British Columbia; Europe and Asia heparana medium brown light to medium grayish brown absent Pacific Northwest, British Columbia; Europe and Asia lamprosana tan to light brown white to light gray absent Northeastern U.S., southern Quebec and Ontario limitata straw to medium brown gray and white present Eastern U.S. and southern Canada; generally absent in the U.S. west of the Rocky Mtns. pyrusana straw to medium brown all white present Rocky Mtns. west to California, southern Alberta and British Columbia Larval Morphology Late instar larvae are entirely green and unmarked with moderately large pinacula and long setae. The head is variably colored from light green to yellowish brown with black lateral markings. The prothoracic shield is green or yellowish brown with black posterolateral markings. A well developed anal comb is present with 6-8 teeth. MacKay (1962) examined several species of Nearctic Pandemis and could find no species-specific larval characters. Diagnostic characters for the genus include: SD2 on A1-8 on same pinaculum as SD1; L1 and L2 anterior to spiracle on A2-8; SV group on A1,2,7,8,9 usually 3:3:3:2:2; D2s on A8 as far apart as D1s; D1 on A9 on its own pinaculum; anal setae very long; anal comb with 6-8 teeth. Biology In Europe, Pandemis heparana completes one or two generations per year. Adults are present June-July for the first generation and August-September for the second generation. Females deposit eggs in masses on the upper surface of leaves. Larvae feed on leaves and construct a hibernaculum in the second or third instar in which to overwinter. Larvae resume feeding in the spring. Pupation occurs in the final larval feeding site.   Host plants Larvae of Pandemis heparana are polyphagous and have been recorded feeding on plants in more than 20 families. This species is considered an occasional orchard pest. Family Genus/species Common name Aceraceae Acer L. maple Asteraceae Achillea L. yarrow Asteraceae Arctium L. burdock Asteraceae Arctium lappa L. greater burdock Asteraceae Artemisia montana Pamp. Asteraceae Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. eastern daisy Betulaceae Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. European alder Betulaceae Alnus japonica (Thunb.) Steud. Japanese alder Betulaceae Alnus Mill. alder Betulaceae Betula L. birch Betulaceae Betula platyphylla Sukaczev Asian white birch Betulaceae Carpinus L. hornbeam Betulaceae Corylus L. hazelnut Boraginaceae Anchusa L. bugloss Cannabaceae Humulus L. hop Caprifoliaceae Lonicera periclymenum L. European honeysuckle Chenopodiaceae Beta vulgaris L. common beet Cornaceae Cornus controversa Hemsl. ex Prain giant dogwood Cornaceae Cornus L. dogwood Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus L. oleaster Ericaceae Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz. Ericaceae Vaccinium L. blueberry Ericaceae Vaccinium uliginosum L. bog blueberry Ericaceae Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. lingonberry Fabaceae Phaseolus L. bean Fabaceae Trifolium repens L. white clover Fagaceae Castanea crenata Siebold & Zucc. Japanese chestnut Fagaceae Castanea Mill. chestnut Fagaceae Fagus L. beech Fagaceae Quercus cerris L. European turkey oak Fagaceae Quercus dentata Thunb. Daimyo oak Fagaceae Quercus L. oak Fagaceae Quercus robur L. English oak Grossulariaceae Ribes L. currant Juglandaceae Juglans L. walnut Linaceae Linum usitatissimum L. common flax Moraceae Morus L. mulberry Myricaceae Myrica gale L. sweetgale Oleaceae Fraxinus L. ash Oleaceae Ligustrum L. privet Oleaceae Ligustrum yesoense Nakai Oleaceae Syringa L. lilac Oleaceae Syringa vulgaris L. common lilac Polygonaceae Rumex obtusifolius L. bitter dock Primulaceae Lysimachia L. yellow loosestrife Rhamnaceae Rhamnus L. buckthorn Rosaceae Crataegus chlorosarca Maxim. Rosaceae Crataegus L. hawthorn Rosaceae Cydonia oblonga Mill. quince Rosaceae Fragaria L. strawberry Rosaceae Malus domestica Borkh. apple Rosaceae Malus pumila Mill. paradise apple Rosaceae Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. European crab apple Rosaceae Malus Mill. apple Rosaceae Prunus armeniaca L. apricot Rosaceae Prunus avium (L.) L. sweet cherry Rosaceae Prunus persica (L.) Batsch peach Rosaceae Prunus salicina Lindl. Japanese plum Rosaceae Prunus serrulata Lindl. Japanese flowering cherry Rosaceae Prunus X yedoensis Matsum. (pro sp.) [subhirtella X speciosa] Rosaceae Prunus L. Rosaceae Pyrus L. pear Rosaceae Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim. Rosaceae Rosa L. rose Rosaceae Rubus L. blackberry Rosaceae Sorbus L. mountain ash Rutaceae Phellodendron amurense Rupr. Amur corktree Salicaceae Populus L. cottonwood Salicaceae Salix caprea L. goat willow Salicaceae Salix cinerea L. large gray willow Salicaceae Salix L. willow Tiliaceae Tilia L. basswood Ulmaceae Ulmus davidiana Planch. Japanese elm Ulmaceae Ulmus L. elm Distribution Pandemis heparana is widely distributed in the Palearctic from Western Europe to Asia. In North America it has been introduced to the Pacific Northwest. The first North American records are from British Columbia in 1978. References Bradley, J. D., W. G. Tremewan and A. Smith. 1973. British Tortricoid Moths - Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London, England. Dombroskie, J. J. 2011. Aspects of archipine evolution (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). University of Alberta, Department of Biological Sciences. Ph.D. dissertation. 488 pp. Mutuura, A. 1980. Two Pandemis species introduced into British Columbia, with a comparison of native North American species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The Canadian Entomologist. 112: 549-554. Razowski, J. 2002. Tortricidae of Europe, Vol. 1, Tortricinae and Chlidanotinae. Frantisek Slamka, Slovakia. 247 pp. Photo Credits Fig. 7: Gyorgy Csoka, Hungary Forest Research Institute, Bugwood.org Tortricids of Agricultural Importance by Todd M. Gilligan and Marc E. Epstein Interactive Keys developed in Lucid 3.5. Last updated August 2014.