Setaria pumila subsp. pumila

Species category

Weed

Common name

yellow foxtail, yellow bristlegrass, cattail grass

Diagnostic characters

Planting unit

FloretFloret:
A small flower in a clustered inflorescence (e.g., sunflower, grasses). In grasses, a floret consists of the lemma, palea, stamens, and pistil.

Shape

OvalOval:
Broadly elliptic.

Size

  • Length 2.8–3 mm 
  • Width 1.8–2 mm 
  • Thickness 1.5–1.7 mm 

Color

Yellow to dark brown

Texture

LemmaLemma:
One of two bracts of the grass floret; it is located on the side nearest the embryo and opposite the rachilla.
and paleaPalea:
One of the thin bracts of grass floret enclosing the fruit (caryopsis) that is located on the side opposite the embryo.
surfaces are uniformly covered by transverseTransverse:
Set crosswise, crossing or at right angles.
ridges.

Lemma

Hard, arched, ovalOval:
Broadly elliptic.
and nerves converging into a very short 3-pronged awnAwn:
A narrow, bristle-like organ, as on the glumes or lemmas of grasses (Poaceae).
at the apexApical:
The distal end of the fruit or seed away from the point of attachment or attachment scar.

Palea

Hard, flat, and shiny edges covered by overlapping lemmaLemma:
One of two bracts of the grass floret; it is located on the side nearest the embryo and opposite the rachilla.

Other structures

GlumesGlume:
The pair of chaffy bracts that occur at the base of a grass spikelet, often completely enclosing it.
present; the second glumeGlume:
The pair of chaffy bracts that occur at the base of a grass spikelet, often completely enclosing it.
is half the length of the lemmaLemma:
One of two bracts of the grass floret; it is located on the side nearest the embryo and opposite the rachilla.
.

Identification notes

FloretsFloret:
A small flower in a clustered inflorescence (e.g., sunflower, grasses). In grasses, a floret consists of the lemma, palea, stamens, and pistil.
are fairly large, uniformly covered by transverseTransverse:
Set crosswise, crossing or at right angles.
ridges, without the shiny paleaPalea:
One of the thin bracts of grass floret enclosing the fruit (caryopsis) that is located on the side opposite the embryo.
edges, and the second glumeGlume:
The pair of chaffy bracts that occur at the base of a grass spikelet, often completely enclosing it.
is only half the length of the lemmaLemma:
One of two bracts of the grass floret; it is located on the side nearest the embryo and opposite the rachilla.
.

Noxious weed seed categories

Federal

AOSA examination list

Included

More information

For more information, see ISMA fact sheet.

Nomenclature

Family

Poaceae

Valid name

Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. subsp. pumila

Synonyms

Chaetochloa glauca (L.) Scribn.
Chaetochloa lutescens (Weigel) Stuntz
Panicum glaucum L.
Setaria glauca (L.) P. Beauv.
Setaria glauca sensu
Vickery
 Setaria lutescens (Weigel) F.T. Hubbard

From Left to Right: 1.  Setaria pumila  ssp.  pumila  2.  Setaria faberi  3.  Setaria viridis  4.  Setaria italica . Florets that are uniformly covered by transverse ridges. 
From Left to Right: 1. Setaria pumila ssp. pumila 2. Setaria faberi 3. Setaria viridis 4. Setaria italica. Florets that are uniformly covered by transverse ridges. 
 Setaria pumila  ssp.  pumila.  Florets with Glumes present, second glume half the length of the lemma. Photo by Julia Scher, USDA-APHIS-PPQ.
Setaria pumila ssp. pumila. Florets with Glumes present, second glume half the length of the lemma. Photo by Julia Scher, USDA-APHIS-PPQ.
 Setaria pumila  ssp.  pumila.  Florets that are uniformly covered by transverse ridges. Photo by Julia Scher, USDA-APHIS-PPQ.
Setaria pumila ssp. pumila. Florets that are uniformly covered by transverse ridges. Photo by Julia Scher, USDA-APHIS-PPQ.
 Setaria pumila  ssp.  pumila.  Florets with Glumes present, second glume half the length of the lemma. Photo by Julia Scher, USDA-APHIS-PPQ.
Setaria pumila ssp. pumila. Florets with Glumes present, second glume half the length of the lemma. Photo by Julia Scher, USDA-APHIS-PPQ.
 Setaria pumila  ssp.  pumila.  Florets that are uniformly covered by transverse ridges. 
Setaria pumila ssp. pumila. Florets that are uniformly covered by transverse ridges.