Xanthium strumarium

Species category

Weed

Common name

rough cocklebur, Canada cocklebur, cocklebur, common cocklebur

Diagnostic characters

Planting unit

BurrBurr:
Has spikelets or flowers that are compressed closely together by lacking a central axis. The spikelet glumes are hard and pointed, e.g. buffalograss.

Shape

OvalOval:
Broadly elliptic.

Size

  • Length 13 mm
  • Width 5 mm
  • Thickness 5 mm

Color

Brown

Texture

Hooked spines

Other structures

Two achenesAchene:
A dry, hard, one-chambered, one-seeded indehiscent fruit, as in buckwheat (Fagopyrum) or sunflower (Helianthus). The fruit wall is not united with the seed coat.
are usually in a unit.

Identification notes

BurrBurr:
Has spikelets or flowers that are compressed closely together by lacking a central axis. The spikelet glumes are hard and pointed, e.g. buffalograss.
with several involucreInvolucre:
A number of bracts (often leaf-like) that subtend an inflorescence such as the head in sunflowers.
, hooked spines on the surface. Shape is ovateOvate:
Egg-shaped with basal end the broadest.
longitudinally and cylindrical in cross section. This structure can be considered to be a modified headHead:
An inflorescence of stalkless or nearly stalkless flowers attached to a common receptacle that often assumes the appearance of a single flower, but in fact may be a composite of many flowers, e.g. sunflower, clover.
. These burrsBurr:
Has spikelets or flowers that are compressed closely together by lacking a central axis. The spikelet glumes are hard and pointed, e.g. buffalograss.
usually contains two achenesAchene:
A dry, hard, one-chambered, one-seeded indehiscent fruit, as in buckwheat (Fagopyrum) or sunflower (Helianthus). The fruit wall is not united with the seed coat.
. Color is yellow to dark brown.

Noxious weed seed categories

State Noxious Weed: Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Iowa, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, West Virginia

AOSA examination list

Included

Nomenclature

Family

Asteraceae

Valid name

Xanthium strumarium L.

Synonyms

Xanthium strumarium L. subsp. italicum (Moretti) D. Löve
Xanthium strumarium L. subsp. strumarium
Xanthium strumarium L. var. canadense (Mill.) Torr. & A. Gray
Xanthium strumarium L. var. glabratum (DC.) Cronquist

 Xanthium strumarium.  Burr with several involucre, hooked spines on the surface.
Xanthium strumarium. Burr with several involucre, hooked spines on the surface.
 Xanthium strumarium.  Burr with several involucre, hooked spines and a pair of beaks. Photo courtesy of USDA-APHIS-PPQ.
Xanthium strumarium. Burr with several involucre, hooked spines and a pair of beaks. Photo courtesy of USDA-APHIS-PPQ.