Phalaris arundinacea

Species category

Agricultural

Common name

reed canarygrass

Diagnostic characters

Planting unit

FloretFloret:
A small flower in a clustered inflorescence (e.g., sunflower, grasses). In grasses, a floret consists of the lemma, palea, stamens, and pistil.

Shape

Lanceolate

Size

  • Length 3–4 mm
  • Width 1–1.5 mm
  • Thickness 0.4–0.6 mm

Color

Brown with thin light brown veins

Texture

Sterile lemmasLemma:
One of two bracts of the grass floret; it is located on the side nearest the embryo and opposite the rachilla.
copiously pubescentPubescent:
Having hairs.
; fertile lemmaLemma:
One of two bracts of the grass floret; it is located on the side nearest the embryo and opposite the rachilla.
hairy at top half.

Lemma

Laterally compressed; hard; covers paleaPalea:
One of the thin bracts of grass floret enclosing the fruit (caryopsis) that is located on the side opposite the embryo.
.

Palea

Laterally compressed, hard; mostly concealed by lemmaLemma:
One of two bracts of the grass floret; it is located on the side nearest the embryo and opposite the rachilla.
.

Other structures

Two short sterile lemmasLemma:
One of two bracts of the grass floret; it is located on the side nearest the embryo and opposite the rachilla.
are on either edge of the floretFloret:
A small flower in a clustered inflorescence (e.g., sunflower, grasses). In grasses, a floret consists of the lemma, palea, stamens, and pistil.
.

Identification notes

Some texts call this unit a spikeletSpikelet:
One or more florets that are subtended by a pair of bracts called glumes. Spikelets are pedicellate if located on a pedicle and sessile if attached directly to the rachis. Often spikelets with single florets have remnants of a second floret, usually a lemma.
because of the presence of the sterile lemmasLemma:
One of two bracts of the grass floret; it is located on the side nearest the embryo and opposite the rachilla.
. Aside from the pubescence, the surface is shiny and smooth. The glumesGlume:
The pair of chaffy bracts that occur at the base of a grass spikelet, often completely enclosing it.
when present are only slightly winged on keels.

Noxious weed seed categories

Not listed

AOSA examination list

Included

Nomenclature

Family

Poaceae

Valid name

Phalaris arundinacea L.

Synonyms

Phalaroides arundinacea (L.) Raeusch.
Phalaris arundinacea
L. var. picta
Phalaroides arundinacea
(L.) Raeusch. var. picta (L.) Tzvelev

 Phalaris arundinacea.  Florets where aside from the pubescence, the surface is shiny and smooth. 
Phalaris arundinacea. Florets where aside from the pubescence, the surface is shiny and smooth. 
From Left to Right: 1.  Phalaris arundinacea  2.  Phalaris canariensis.  Two short sterile lemmas on either edge of the floret. 
From Left to Right: 1. Phalaris arundinacea 2. Phalaris canariensis. Two short sterile lemmas on either edge of the floret.