Fruit and Seed Family ID was developed by the USDA APHIS Identification Technology Program (ITP) based on the earlier guide by Kirkbride et al. (2006). The tool's content is in the public domain except where otherwise indicated. We ask that appropriate acknowledgement is given to the authors and USDA APHIS PPQ ITP if the information is used elsewhere. Images (photographs and illustrations) that were obtained from individuals or organizations may be protected by copyright. Distribution maps were used with permission by Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.
Islam, Melissa, Ashley Miller, Madeline Maher, Julia Scher, and Amanda J. Redford. 2022. Fruit and Seed Family ID. USDA APHIS PPQ Identification Technology Program. Fort Collins, CO. [date accessed.]
Photographs and illustrations in this tool are from a variety of sources and are credited within individual image captions when possible, otherwise they are credited here. Photographs from external sources either have a Creative Commons 2.0 or higher license or are used here with permission. Some of these photographs and illustrations were cropped to highlight certain features, in compliance with their copyright. Illustrations and photographs were borrowed from the USDA identification tools: Aquarium & Pond Plants of the World, Federal Noxious Weed Disseminules of the United States, and Table Grape Weed Disseminule ID. The latter two include images redrawn from Fahn (1990)Fahn (1990):
Fahn A. 1990. Plant Anatomy, 4th ed. Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford. 588 pp. and Zomlefer (1994)Zomlefer (1994):
Zomlefer WB. 1994. Guide to Flowering Plant Families. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. 430 pp. and drawings provided by Sean McCue, Lesley Randall, Ingrid Hogle, and Julia Scher; drawings by Lynda E. Chandler are from Gunn and Ritchie (1988)Gunn and Ritchie (1988):
Gunn CR and Ritchie CA. 1988. Identification of Disseminules Listed in the Federal Noxious Weed Act. US Dept. of Agriculture, Technical Bulleting Number 1719. 313 pp.. Photographs of fruits and seeds from South Australian Seed Conservation Centre, Botanic Gardens of South Australia, used here with permission. Where images are copyrighted, they should be properly credited, and users must seek permission from the appropriate copyright owners to use this material. Generally, if no credit is shown in image captions, then images are from USDA resources and in the public domain. If you aren't sure of the copyright status of an image you would like to use, please contact Melissa Islam (melissa.islam@colostate.edu).
Illustrations and photographs used to illustrate Glossary terms were provided by or are courtesy of:
Illustrations and photographs in the figures on the "Fruits & Seeds" pages are courtesy of:
While the authors have made every effort to provide accurate information in Fruit and Seed Family ID, the authors, Colorado State University (CSU), and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) APHIS Identification Technology Program (ITP) specifically disclaim all legal liability with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information contained in this tool. The authors and associated institutions shall assume no legal liability for any damages, including direct, indirect, consequential, compensatory, special, punitive, or incidental damages arising from or relating to the use of this tool, or the information and materials provided by or linked from this tool.
Some web pages in this tool provide links to external sites for the convenience of users. The authors, CSU, and USDA APHIS ITP are not responsible for the availability or content of these external sites, nor do the authors, CSU, and USDA APHIS ITP endorse or warrant the products, services or information described or offered by these sites.
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Mention of companies or commercial products does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA over others not mentioned. USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of any product mentioned. Product names are mentioned solely to report factually on available data and to provide specific information. The findings and conclusions in this website have not been formally disseminated by the USDA and should not be construed to represent agency determination or policy.
Authors: M. Islam, A. Miller, M. Maher, J. Scher, A. Redford
Content last updated November 2022
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