Ixioliriaceae

Taxonomy

Family name: Ixioliriaceae Nakai

Synonym(s): [none]

Common name(s): ixiolirion family

*Number of genera/species: 1/4

List of genera records in GRIN-Global

Disseminule

seed

Description

Fruit dehiscentdehiscent:
(v. dehisce) splitting open at maturity to release contents (of a fruit)
, loculicidalloculicidal:
type of capsular dehiscence, opening longitudinally through the locules (compare septicidal)
capsulecapsule:
a dry, dehiscent fruit formed by two or more carpels
, opening at apexapex:
the point farthest from the point of attachment, or the "tip" of an organ
, 10 mm long, oblongoblong:
2D shape—much longer than broad with nearly parallel sides, corners are rounded
or wedge shaped, tereteterete:
approximately circular in cross section; width and thickness approximately equal
or triangulartriangular:
2D shape—three relatively straight sides with distinct corners; more angular than teardrop-shaped
in transectiontransection:
a cross section; representing a plane made by cutting across an organ at a right angle to its length
, stylar remnantsstylar remnants:
remnant of a style
persistent, many seeded. Pericarppericarp:
fruit wall or fruit coat
brown, ribbedribbed:
surface relief—wide, prominent, linear ridges that are generally rounded and longitudinally situated on the surface
or striatestriate:
surface relief—having fine, parallel lines, grooves or ridges
.

Seed oblongoblong:
2D shape—much longer than broad with nearly parallel sides, corners are rounded
to teardrop-shapedteardrop-shaped:
2D shape—widest point is toward one end of the fruit, the other end tapers sharply to a pointed end
, slightly curvedcurved:
(of embryo) linear embryo is curved into an arch or horseshoe with the ends far apart
, beakedbeaked:
a usually firm, terminal appendage, sometimes tapered
or pointed at one end. Seed coat black, with phytomelanphytomelan:
carbonaceous, opaque material that usually covers the seed coat to give it a black appearance, common in certain monocot families
, reticulatereticulate:
surface relief—netted, raised walls or concave grooves forming a net-like surface pattern with flat, concave, or convex interspaces
.

Embryo fusiformfusiform:
spindle-shaped; broadest at the middle and tapering at both ends
, straight, nearly as long as endospermendosperm:
nutritive starch- and oil-containing tissue present in many seeds
. Endospermendosperm:
nutritive starch- and oil-containing tissue present in many seeds
present.

Identification features

Fruit  
Type capsulecapsule:
a dry, dehiscent fruit formed by two or more carpels
Size range 10 mm long
Shape(s) oblong, cuneiform
Surface relief ribbed ribbed:
surface relief—wide, prominent, linear ridges that are generally rounded and longitudinally situated on the surface
or striate
Color(s) brown
Unique features Brown, ribbedribbed:
surface relief—wide, prominent, linear ridges that are generally rounded and longitudinally situated on the surface
or striatestriate:
surface relief—having fine, parallel lines, grooves or ridges
, capsulescapsules:
a dry, dehiscent fruit formed by two or more carpels
with persistent stylesstyles:
in a flower, the narrow and elongated part of the pistil between the stigma and the ovary; sometimes persisting in fruit
, dehiscing at their apicesapices:
the point farthest from the point of attachment, or the "tip" of an organ
, with many phytomelanphytomelan:
carbonaceous, opaque material that usually covers the seed coat to give it a black appearance, common in certain monocot families
encrusted seeds.
Seed
Shape(s) ovoid, teardrop-shapedteardrop-shaped:
2D shape—widest point is toward one end of the fruit, the other end tapers sharply to a pointed end
, oblong
Surface relief reticulatereticulate:
surface relief—netted, raised walls or concave grooves forming a net-like surface pattern with flat, concave, or convex interspaces
Color(s) black
Unique features Small, black, reticulatereticulate:
surface relief—netted, raised walls or concave grooves forming a net-like surface pattern with flat, concave, or convex interspaces
, teardrop-shapedteardrop-shaped:
2D shape—widest point is toward one end of the fruit, the other end tapers sharply to a pointed end
seeds slightly curvedcurved:
(of embryo) linear embryo is curved into an arch or horseshoe with the ends far apart
, beakedbeaked:
a usually firm, terminal appendage, sometimes tapered
, with phytomelanphytomelan:
carbonaceous, opaque material that usually covers the seed coat to give it a black appearance, common in certain monocot families
.
Other  
Embryo fusiform, straight, nearly as long as endosperm
Nutritive tissuenutritive tissue:
tissue within the seeds that nourishes the developing embryo; such as endosperm, perisperm, or chalazosperm in angiosperms; megagametophyte in gymnosperms
endosperm endosperm:
nutritive starch- and oil-containing tissue present in many seeds
present

Distribution

Narrow distribution in Eurasia.

Distribution map courtesy of Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.

References

Baskin and Baskin 2021Baskin and Baskin 2021:
Baskin C and Baskin J. 2021. Relationship of the lateral embryo (in grasses) to other monocot embryos: A status up-grade. Seed Science Research 31 (3): 199-210. doi:10.1017/S0960258521000209
; Dahlgren et al. 1985Dahlgren et al. 1985:
Dahlgren RMT, Clifford HT, and Yeo PF. 1985. The families of the monocotyledons: structure, evolution, and taxonomy. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 520 pp.
; Kirkbride et al. 2006Kirkbride et al. 2006:
Kirkbride JH, Jr, Gunn CR, and Dallwitz MJ. 2006. Family guide for fruits and seeds, vers. 1.0. Accessed September 2020ndash;January 2022. URL: https://nt.ars-grin.gov/seedsfruits/keys/frsdfam/index.cfm .
; Kubitzki et al. 1990+Kubitzki et al. 1990+:
Kubitzki K et al., eds. 1990+. The families and genera of vascular plants. 7+ vols. Berlin etc.
; Stevenson and Loconte 1995Stevenson and Loconte 1995:
Stevenson DW and Loconte H. 1995. A cladistic analysis of monocot families. In: Rudall PJ, Cribb PJ, Cutler DF, and Humphries CJ, eds. Monocotyledons: Systematics and Evolution. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
; Zhengyi et al. 2004+Zhengyi et al. 2004+:
Zhengyi W, Raven PH, and Deyuan H. 2004+. Flora of China [online]. 25 vols. Science Press, Beijing China amp; Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis USA. Accessed January-December 2021. http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/

*The number of genera and species is based on Christenhusz and Byng 2016Christenhusz and Byng 2016:
Christenhusz MJM and Byng JW. 2016. The number of known plant species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa 261 (3): 201ndash;217. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1
, which may differ from the number of genera in GRIN-Global.

  Infructescence :  Ixiolirion tataricum ; Photo by Yael Orgad, gbif.org
Infructescence: Ixiolirion tataricum; Photo by Yael Orgad, gbif.org
  Infrutescence:   Ixiolirion tataricum ; Photo by ruslan, gbif.org
Infrutescence: Ixiolirion tataricum; Photo by ruslan, gbif.org
  Seeds:   Ixiolirion tataricum ; Photo by ruslan, gbif.org

Seeds: Ixiolirion tataricum; Photo by ruslan, gbif.org

  Fruit, seeds:   Ixiolirion tataricum  (2, ovary transverse section; 3, fruit; 4, seed); Illustration by Drake, Edward's botanical register (1844), courtesy of Watson and Dallwitz 1992 onwards

Fruit, seeds: Ixiolirion tataricum (2, ovary transverse section; 3, fruit; 4, seed); Illustration by Drake, Edward's botanical register (1844), courtesy of Watson and Dallwitz 1992 onwards