Family name: Colchicaceae DC.
Synonym(s): Bulbocodiaceae Salisb.; Burchardiaceae Takht.; Uvulariaceae A. Gray ex Kunth, nom. cons.
Common name(s): autumn-crocus family
*Number of genera/species: 15/285
List of genera records in GRIN-Global
fruit or seed
Fruit dehiscentdehiscent:
(v. dehisce) splitting open at maturity to release contents (of a fruit)
, loculicidalloculicidal:
type of capsular dehiscence, opening longitudinally through the locules (compare septicidal)
or septicidalsepticidal:
type of capsular dehiscence, opening longitudinally by separating between the septa of adjacent carpels
capsulecapsule:
a dry, dehiscent fruit formed by two or more carpels
or both, 3–60 mm long, globoseglobose:
3D shape—more or less spherical
to trigonoustrigonous:
3D shape—having three faces that meet at distinct angles; triangular in outline
, tereteterete:
approximately circular in cross section; width and thickness approximately equal
or angledangled:
2D shape—having sides that meet at acute or obtuse angles
in transectiontransection:
a cross section; representing a plane made by cutting across an organ at a right angle to its length
, sometimes with persistent stylesstyles:
in a flower, the narrow and elongated part of the pistil between the stigma and the ovary; sometimes persisting in fruit
, many seeded, rarely indehiscentindehiscent:
not opening on its own, as in a fruit
and one seeded (some species of Disporum). Sometimes winged with an attenuate beakbeak:
a usually firm, terminal appendage, sometimes tapered
. Pericarppericarp:
fruit wall or fruit coat
brown, green, blue, black, or blue (Disporum), shinyshiny:
uniformly reflecting a high proportion of incident light at all angles
or dulldull:
reflecting only a low proportion of incident light, with no apparent sheen
, leatheryleathery:
texture—moderately thick, tough, and very pliable
, fleshyfleshy:
texture—fairly firm and dense, juicy or at least moist, and easily cut
or membranousmembranous:
texture—extremely thin, pliable, and fairly tough
, smooth, wrinkled, ridgedridged:
surface relief—raised, thick ridges, sharp edged or rounded, usually in a series that may cover the entire surface
, or glandularglandular:
surface relief—covered with small, raised secretory glands, regular or irregularly shaped, translucent or opaque, and maybe distinctly colored
.
Seed globoseglobose:
3D shape—more or less spherical
to angularangular:
2D shape—having sides that meet at acute or obtuse angles
or discoiddiscoid:
3D shape—resembling a disc
, 1–4 mm long, and rapheraphe:
a ridge or seam on the seed coat, formed by the portion of the funiculus united to the ovule wall in longitudinally curved ovules
sometimes conspicuous (Iphigenia). Strophiolestrophiole:
appendage or outgrowth of seed coat near the hilum and micropyle
present in Kuntheria, Schelhammera*, Tripladenia, and Uvularia. Fleshyfleshy:
texture—fairly firm and dense, juicy or at least moist, and easily cut
arilaril:
(broad sense) appendicular structure that wholly or partly envelops a seed and is produced from or a modification of the funicle, raphe, or outer integument; usually fleshy or pulpy, sometimes spongy or tufted-capillate, often brightly colored
present in Gloriosa (red) and Uvularia. Sarcotestasarcotesta:
pulpy or fleshy outer layer of the seed coat, simulates aril
present in Littonia. In Ornithoglossum, carunclescaruncles:
a localized outgrowth of the seed coat near the hilum of the seed; it functions as an elaiosome
often present as an outgrowth of the rapheraphe:
a ridge or seam on the seed coat, formed by the portion of the funiculus united to the ovule wall in longitudinally curved ovules
. Colchicum seeds appendaged. Seed coat brown or red, firmfirm:
texture—yielding under only moderately strong pressure; only slightly deformable without internal structural disruption
, spongyspongy:
soft, light, discontinuous but cohesive, and somewhat resilient
, or fleshyfleshy:
texture—fairly firm and dense, juicy or at least moist, and easily cut
, smooth, wartywarty:
surface relief—distinct, rounded projections that are large relative to the fruit size; tuberculate, verrucose
(Sandersonia, Androcymbium), or papillatepapillate:
surface relief—bearing minute, distinct, broad-based projections, tapering to a rounded apex
(Iphigenia).
Embryo linear, straight, may be very small and undifferentiated. Endospermendosperm:
nutritive starch- and oil-containing tissue present in many seeds
present.
*Strophiole absent in some species.
Fruit | |
Type | loculicidal loculicidal: type of capsular dehiscence, opening longitudinally through the locules (compare septicidal) or septicidalsepticidal: type of capsular dehiscence, opening longitudinally by separating between the septa of adjacent carpels capsule |
Size range | 3–60 mm long |
Shape(s) | globose, oblongoblong: 2D shape—much longer than broad with nearly parallel sides, corners are rounded , ellipsoidellipsoid: 3D shape—elliptic , cylindricalcylindrical: 3D shape—a cylinder, with parallel sides and a circular cross-section; tubular or rod-shaped , ovoidovoid: 3D shape—ovate , trigonous |
Texture | leathery, fleshyfleshy: texture—fairly firm and dense, juicy or at least moist, and easily cut , membranous |
Surface relief | smooth or wrinkledwrinkled: surface relief—shallow, irregular folds and furrows covering the surface; appearing overall though crumpled and then spread out , ridgedridged: surface relief—raised, thick ridges, sharp edged or rounded, usually in a series that may cover the entire surface , glandular |
Color(s) | brown, green, blue, black |
Seed | |
Size range | 1–4 mm long |
Shape(s) | globose, ovoidovoid: 3D shape—ovate , polygonalpolygonal: =angular , discoid |
Surface relief | smooth, wartywarty: surface relief—distinct, rounded projections that are large relative to the fruit size; tuberculate, verrucose , papillate |
Color(s) | brown, red |
Unique features | Seeds brown or red, often with spongyspongy: soft, light, discontinuous but cohesive, and somewhat resilient or fleshyfleshy: texture—fairly firm and dense, juicy or at least moist, and easily cut seed coats and usually with outgrowths. |
Other | |
Embryo | linear, straight, may be very small and undifferentiated |
Nutritive tissuenutritive tissue: tissue within the seeds that nourishes the developing embryo; such as endosperm, perisperm, or chalazosperm in angiosperms; megagametophyte in gymnosperms |
endosperm endosperm: nutritive starch- and oil-containing tissue present in many seeds present |
Temperate to tropical regions, Africa, Eurasia, Australia, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), and northern North America.
Distribution map courtesy of Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.
Baskin and Baskin 2021Baskin and Baskin 2021:
Baskin C and Baskin J. 2021. Relationship of the lateral embryo (in grasses) to other monocot embryos: A status up-grade. Seed Science Research 31 (3): 199-210. doi:10.1017/S0960258521000209; Dahlgren et al. 1985Dahlgren et al. 1985:
Dahlgren RMT, Clifford HT, and Yeo PF. 1985. The families of the monocotyledons: structure, evolution, and taxonomy. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 520 pp.; Nooteboom et al. 2021; Flora of Australia 2021+Flora of Australia 2021+:
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Stevenson DW and Loconte H. 1995. A cladistic analysis of monocot families. In: Rudall PJ, Cribb PJ, Cutler DF, and Humphries CJ, eds. Monocotyledons: Systematics and Evolution. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.; Tutin et al. 1964–1980Tutin et al. 1964–1980:
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Zhengyi W, Raven PH, and Deyuan H. 2004+. Flora of China [online]. 25 vols. Science Press, Beijing China & Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis USA. Accessed January–March 2024. http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/
*The number of genera and species is based on Christenhusz and Byng 2016Christenhusz and Byng 2016:
Christenhusz MJM and Byng JW. 2016. The number of known plant species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa 261 (3): 201-217. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1, which may differ from the number of genera in GRIN-Global.