While the authors have made every effort to provide accurate information in Ironclad ID, the authors, the University of New Mexico, and USDA/APHIS/PPQ/CPHST specifically disclaim all legal liability with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information contained in Ironclad ID. The authors and associated institutions shall assume no legal liability for any damages, including direct, indirect, consequential, compensatory, special, punitive, or incidental damages arising from or relating to the use of Ironclad ID or the information and materials provided by or linked from Ironclad ID.
Some web pages in Ironclad ID provide links to Internet sites for the convenience of users. The authors, UNM, and USDA/APHIS/PPQ/CPHST are not responsible for the availability or content of these external sites, nor do the authors, UNM, and USDA/APHIS/PPQ/CPHST endorse or warrant the products, services, or information described or offered by these Internet sites.
It should be noted that no taxonomic or nomenclatural changes are proposed in Ironclad ID. We feel that an identification tool is not the appropriate outlet for such changes, and any inconsistencies herein are purely out of error, rather than an explicit taxonomic statement.
Lord, N.P, Nearns, E.H., and K.B. Miller. 2011-2013. Ironclad ID: Tool for Diagnosing Ironclad and Cylindrical Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Zopheridae) of North America north of Mexico. The University of New Mexico and Center for Plant Health Science and Technology, USDA, APHIS, PPQ.
Image and illustration credits (unless otherwise noted): Lord, N.P., Ironclad ID (UNM and USDA/APHIS/PPQ/CPHST).
Unless otherwise indicated, content in Ironclad ID was created and/or authored under a cooperative agreement between the University of New Mexico (UNM) and the Center for Plant Health Science and Technology (USDA/APHIS/PPQ/CPHST). This content may be freely distributed or copied in the public domain for non-commercial purposes. However, it is requested that in any subsequent use of this work the authors, UNM, and USDA/APHIS/PPQ/CPHST be given appropriate acknowledgement (see suggested citation).
Ironclad ID may contain information, text, and images created and/or prepared by individuals or institutions other than UNM or USDA/APHIS/PPQ/CPHST, that may be protected by copyright. Sources of information and text are mentioned in the acknowledgments section, and in most instances the origin of images has been indicated in image captions or on specific genus fact sheets. Users must seek permission from the copyright owner(s) to use this material. Contact the authors if you need assistance identifying or locating the copyright owner.
Authors: Lord NP, Nearns EH, Miller KB. 2011–2015.
Content updated Apr 2015; taxonomy updated Feb 2026
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