Adult Recognition
FWL: 9.0-10.5 mm (male); 11.0-13.0 mm (female)
The male forewing is light brown with dark-brown markings. The female forewing is generally darker with more obscured markings and a pronounced apex. The median fascia does not extend to the costa in the male, while it is continuous from the dorsal margin to the costa in the female. The hindwing of both sexes is grayish brown with yellow apical shading present in some females. Males have a forewing costal fold.
Yasuda (1975) described A. crataegana endoi as a subspecies from Japan. He states that it can be separated from the nominate subspecies by its larger size, longer costal fold in the male, and shape of the male sacculus.
Archips crataegana is most similar to Archips xylosteana. Males of the two species can be separated by the median fasica, which is continuous to from dorsum to costa in A. xylosteana, and does not reach the costa in A. crataegana.
Other Archips species, including Archips grisea and forms of Archips podana and Archips rosana, can appear similar to A. crataegana. A genitalic dissection can be used to confirm species identity.
Larval Morphology
Larvae are approximately 23 mm in length. The abdomen is dark green to black with black pinacula and long white setae. The head, prothoracic shield, thoracic legs, and anal shield are black. An anal comb is present with 6-8 teeth.
Biology
Archips crataegana completes one generation per year. Adults are present June through August.
Females deposit eggs on bark in masses of approximately 30 individual eggs. Egg masses are usually deposited high on the tree and appear similar to bird droppings. Eggs overwinter and first instar larvae hatch the following spring. Early instars feed on the underside of the leaf while later instars roll leaves. Pupation occurs in the final larval feeding site.
Host plants
Larvae of A. crataegana have been reported feeding on a variety of tree species. Host records from East Asia may refer to A. crataegana endoi (Yasuda 1975), or possibly another species (Razowski 2002).
| Family | Genus/species | Common name |
| Betulaceae | Alnus japonica (Thunb.) Steud. | Japanese alder |
| Betulaceae | Betula platyphylla Sukaczev | Asian white birch |
| Fagaceae | Quercus dentata Thunb. | Daimyo oak |
| Fagaceae | Quercus robur L. | English oak |
| Fagaceae | Quercus L. | oak |
| Moraceae | Morus L. | mulberry |
| Oleaceae | Fraxinus excelsior L. | European ash |
| Rosaceae | Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge | Chinese haw |
| Rosaceae | Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. | Siberian crab apple |
| Rosaceae | Malus pumila Mill. | paradise apple |
| Rosaceae | Prunus sargentii Rehder | |
| Rosaceae | Prunus tomentosa Thunb. | Nanking cherry |
| Rosaceae | Prunus X yedoensis Matsum. (pro sp.) [subhirtella X speciosa] | |
| Rosaceae | Prunus L. | |
| Rosaceae | Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. f.) Nakai | Chinese pear |
| Rosaceae | Pyrus L. | pear |
| Rutaceae | Citrus L. | citrus |
| Salicaceae | Populus maximoniczii A. Henry | Japanese poplar |
| Salicaceae | Populus L. | cottonwood |
| Salicaceae | Salix L. | willow |
| Tiliaceae | Tilia L. | basswood |
| Ulmaceae | Ulmus L. | elm |
Distribution
Archips crataegana is distributed across the western Palearctic. Yasuda (1975) described A. crataegana endoi from Japan, although Razowski (2002) states that records of A. crataegana from East Asia are of a different species.
References
Bradley, J. D., W. G. Tremewan and A. Smith. 1973. British Tortricoid Moths - Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London, England.
Razowski, J. 2002. Tortricidae of Europe, Vol. 1, Tortricinae and Chlidanotinae. Frantisek Slamka, Slovakia. 247 pp.
Yasuda, T. 1975. The Tortricinae and Sparganothinae of Japan (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Part II. Bulletin of the University of Osaka Prefecture, Series B. 27: 79-251.
