Glossary
A
aciculate: referring to longitudinal groves or scratches that can appear coarse as if made by a knife or fine as if lightly scratched with a needle
acuminate:
tapering to a long point
alutaceous:
engraved fine reticulation
antenna:
paired segmental sensory appendages borne on each side of the head; comprised of (from proximal to distal) the scape, pedicel, funicle and club
antennal: pertaining to the antennae
anterior:
the front or forward; opposite of posterior
anterolateral:
relating to the anterior and lateral parts of the side part/portion
apex:
point or edge furthest from the body; opposite of base
asperate:
covered in asperities
asperity:
small flat denticle-like structures frequently arranged in rows or confined to specific areas
attenuate:
gradually tapering apically
B
base:
point or edge closest to the body; opposite of apex
bisulcate: pertaining to an elytral declivity with two suci; a sulcus present on each elytron but the suture remains convex
C
carina:
an elevated ridge or keel, not necessarily high or acute
circumdeclivital ring:
a costa that completely encircles the elytral declivity
club:
the broadened, flattened end of antenna, in Xyleborini comprised of three segments
concave:
appearing hollowed out
confused:
of markings, having indefinite outlines or running together as lines or spots without definite pattern; usually referring to punctures
convex:
appearing rounded
corneous:
horn-like; applied to antennal club
costa:
elevated ridge that is rounded at its crest, not necessarily with sharp appearance
D
declivital: pertaining to the elytral declivity
declivity:
downward slope of either the pronotum or elytra
denticle:
a small tooth, the sides of which are equal and the tip is above the middle of the base
denticulate: covered in denticles
dimorphic:
appearing in two distinct forms. In xyleborines the male is haploid, smaller then the female, flightless and often with a strongly impressed pronotum
disc:
the flat central upper surface of any body part (e.g. pronotum and elytra)
discal: pertaining to the disc of either the pronotum or elytra
distal: situated away from the body
divaricate:
forked, divided into two branches
dorsal:
of or relating to the upper surface; opposite of ventral
E
elytral: pertaining to the elytra
elytron: the two sclerotized forewings of beetles that protect and cover the flight wings
emarginate:
notched at the margin
entire:
without marginal teeth or notches
epistoma: the sclerotized region of the head above the mandibles and below the frons
epistomal: pertaining to the epistoma
erect:
pertaining to setae that have their apices directed away from the body and appear straight
excavated:
with a depression that is not in a segment of a circle
explanate:
spread out and flattened; applied to a margin
F
frons: region of the head from just above the epistoma to a point that is just dorsal to the inner apices of the eyes
frontal: pertaining to the frons
funicle:
part of the antenna that is proximal to the club; composed of 2-4 segments in xyleborines.
G
glabrous:
smooth, devoid of vestiture
granulate:
pertaining to a coarse, grainy surface texture
granule:
a small rounded protuberance, like grains of sand
ground vestiture: minute recumbent vestiture
I
impressed:
a depression in a surface
inflated:
blown up; distended
interstria:
longitudinal spaces along the elytra between the striae, which is not as
impressed and bear smaller punctures.
L
lateral:
pertaining to the side
laterally diverging: pertaining to striae and/or interstriae that are laterally displaced along their length
M
medial:
situated near the median plane of the body or body part
mucro:
a short, sharp pointed process
mycangia:
structures used to carry fungal symbionts; highly morphologically variable
mycangial tuft:
tuft of setae that denotes the mycangia exterior opening
O
obliquely truncate:
nearly truncate but rounded not flat in lateral view
opalescent:
iridescent, showing vaying colors
opaque:
appearing dull in luster; referring to a surface which reflects little light
P
pedicel:
distal to the funicle; the stem supporting the funicle
posterior:
toward the rear end; opposite of anterior
posterolateral:
relating to end of the side part/portion
produced:
referring to a part of the exoskeleton that is extended, lengthened or elevated
pronotal: pertaining to the pronotum
pronotum: the dorsal surface of the thorax
protibia: tibia of the first pair of legs
proximal: situated closer to the body
pubescence:
fine short setae
punctate:
set with fine impressed points, appearing as pin pricks
Q
quadrate:
square-like in shape
R
recumbent:
pertaining to setae that are flat against the cuticle
reticulate:
superficially netlike or made up of a network of lines
rugose:
appearing wrinkled
S
scale:
a flattened seta
scape:
the first segment of the antenna; attached to the head
scutellum: a shield-like sclerotized plate located at the midpoint of the elytral base
semi-recumbent:
pertaining to setae that are in between erect and recumbent, usually at a 45 degree angle
seriate:
arranged or occurring in rows
serration:
row of asperities; a saw-like structure
seta: small hair-like or scale-like structure
shagreened:
covered with a closely-set roughness, like shark skin
shining:
appearing glossy or bright in luster; referring to a surface that is polished and reflects light well
spine:
an elongate projection of the exoskeleton that is longer than its basal width
stria:
punctures in rows, which may or may not be impressed to make grooves
subquadrate:
almost quadrate, with oblique corners
sulcate: deeply furrowed or grooved
sulcus: a groove or furrow
summit:
highest point, used for pronotum and elytra, denotes the peak between pronotal frontal slope and disc, and between elytral disc and declivity
T
truncate:
appearing cut off or suddenly shortened
tubercle:
a small knob-like or rounded protuberance of the exoskeleton
V
ventral:
of or relating to the lower surface; opposite of dorsal
vestiture: the surface covering composed of setae
