Corsiaceae

Taxonomy

Family name: Corsiaceae Beccari

Synonym(s): Achratinitaceae F. A. Barkley, nom. nud.

Common name(s): corsia family

*Number of genera/species: 3/27

List of genera records in GRIN-Global

Disseminule

seed

Description

Fruit a loculicidalloculicidal:
type of capsular dehiscence, opening longitudinally through the locules (compare septicidal)
capsulecapsule:
a dry, dehiscent fruit derived from a compound ovary
dehiscing to the base (Corsia) or at terminal aperture (Arachnitis), 20–35 mm long, linearlinear:
(shape) long, narrow, and uniform in width; (of embryo) embryo is straight and much longer than wide
to oblongoblong:
2D shape—much longer than broad with nearly parallel sides, corners are rounded
, tereteterete:
approximately circular in cross section; width and thickness approximately equal
or triangulartriangular:
2D shape—three relatively straight sides with distinct corners; more angular than teardrop-shaped
in transection, with many seeds. Pericarppericarp:
fruit wall or fruit coat
purple, brown, dulldull:
reflecting only a low proportion of incident light, with no apparent sheen
, glabrousglabrous:
without hairs
.

Seeds fusiformfusiform:
spindle-shaped; broadest at the middle and tapering at both ends
, tereteterete:
approximately circular in cross section; width and thickness approximately equal
in transection, 0.6–3 mm long (minute in Arachnitis), with seed coat elongated into apicalapical:
at or pertaining to the end of the seed or fruit distal from its point of attachment (i.e., base)
and basalbasal:
at or pertaining to the point of attachment; (of embryo) embryo occupies one end of the seed
wings. Funiculus long, exceeding margins of fruit, or short, not persistent in the fruit. Seed coat reddish brown to black, obscurely longitudinally groovedgrooved:
surface relief—linear depressions that may be single or form a series of grooves over the surface
or reticulatereticulate:
surface relief—netted, raised walls or concave grooves forming a net-like surface pattern with flat, concave, or convex interspaces
with punctatepunctate:
surface relief—dotted with pits or with translucent, sunken glands or with colored dots, similar to pitted
hilumhilum:
on seeds, the scar indicating where the funiculus was attached; on grass caryopses, the scar visible on the outer fruit surface revealing where the seed is attached on the inner fruit wall surface; or in Asteraceae cypselae, the scar visible on the outer fruit wall revealing where the fruit was attached to the receptacle
.

Embryo minute, undifferentiated from food reserves, acotyledonous.

Endosperm present.

Identification features

Fruit
Type loculicidalloculicidal:
type of capsular dehiscence, opening longitudinally through the locules (compare septicidal)
capsulecapsule:
a dry, dehiscent fruit derived from a compound ovary
Size range 20–35 mm long
Shape(s) linearlinear:
(shape) long, narrow, and uniform in width; (of embryo) embryo is straight and much longer than wide
, oblongoblong:
2D shape—much longer than broad with nearly parallel sides, corners are rounded
Color(s) purple, brown
Seed
Size range 0.6–3 mm long
Shape(s) fusiformfusiform:
spindle-shaped; broadest at the middle and tapering at both ends
Surface relief reticulatereticulate:
surface relief—netted, raised walls or concave grooves forming a net-like surface pattern with flat, concave, or convex interspaces
, groovedgrooved:
surface relief—linear depressions that may be single or form a series of grooves over the surface
Color(s) reddish brown, black
Unique features Bicaudate seeds, numerous, very small, and seed coats usually reticulatereticulate:
surface relief—netted, raised walls or concave grooves forming a net-like surface pattern with flat, concave, or convex interspaces
.
Other
Embryo minute, undifferentiated from food reserves, acotyledonous
Nutritive tissue endosperm multicellular (Corsia); reduced to few cells (Arachnitis)

 

Distribution

Western South America to Falkland Islands, China, Australasia.

Distribution map courtesy of Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.

References

Baskin and Baskin 2021Baskin and Baskin 2021:
Baskin C and Baskin J. 2021. Relationship of the lateral embryo (in grasses) to other monocot embryos: A status up-grade. Seed Science Research 31 (3): 199-210. doi:10.1017/S0960258521000209
; Dahlgren et al. 1985Dahlgren et al. 1985:
Dahlgren RMT, Clifford HT, and Yeo PF. 1985. The families of the monocotyledons: structure, evolution, and taxonomy. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 520 pp.
; Flora of Australia 2021+Flora of Australia 2021+:
Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. Accessed January 2021–March 2024. URL: http://www.ausflora.org.au
; Kirkbride et al. 2006Kirkbride et al. 2006:
Kirkbride JH, Jr, Gunn CR, and Dallwitz MJ. 2006. Family guide for fruits and seeds, vers. 1.0. Accessed September 2020-January 2022. URL: https://nt.ars-grin.gov/seedsfruits/keys/frsdfam/index.cfm .
; Kubitzki et al. 1990+Kubitzki et al. 1990+:
Kubitzki K et al., eds. 1990+. The families and genera of vascular plants. 7+ vols. Berlin etc.
; Stevenson and Loconte 1995Stevenson and Loconte 1995:
Stevenson DW and Loconte H. 1995. A cladistic analysis of monocot families. In: Rudall PJ, Cribb PJ, Cutler DF, and Humphries CJ, eds. Monocotyledons: Systematics and Evolution. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
; Takhtajan 2009Takhtajan 2009:
Takhtajan A. 2009. Flowering plants: Second edition. Springer Nature, Switzerland. 871 pp.
; Watson and Dallwitz 1992+Watson and Dallwitz 1992+:
Watson L and Dallwitz MJ. 1992+. The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. Version: 6th Accessed September 2020-September 2022. URL: delta-intkey.com

*The number of genera and species is based on Christenhusz and Byng 2016Christenhusz and Byng 2016:
Christenhusz MJM and Byng JW. 2016. The number of known plant species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa 261 (3): 201-217. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1
, which may differ from the number of genera in GRIN-Global.

  Seeds:   Corsia ornata ; Photo by R. Gibbons, USDA APHIS PPQ, Kirkbride et al. (2006)

Seeds: Corsia ornata; Photo by R. Gibbons, USDA APHIS PPQ, Kirkbride et al. (2006)

  Seeds:   Corsia ornata ; Photo by R. Gibbons, USDA APHIS PPQ, Kirkbride et al. (2006)

Seeds: Corsia ornata; Photo by R. Gibbons, USDA APHIS PPQ, Kirkbride et al. (2006)

  Embryo:   Corsia ornata ; Illustration by K. Parker, Kirkbride et al. (2006)
Embryo: Corsia ornata; Illustration by K. Parker, Kirkbride et al. (2006)
  Fruit, seed:   Corsia ornata  (C, fruit in transection; E fruit);  Arachnites uniflora  (G, fruit in transection); Illustration from Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Teil 2, Abt. 1-6 (1889)

Fruit, seed: Corsia ornata (C, fruit in transection; E fruit); Arachnites uniflora (G, fruit in transection); Illustration from Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Teil 2, Abt. 1-6 (1889)

  Flower:   Arachnitis uniflora ; Photo by aacocucci, gbif.org
Flower: Arachnitis uniflora; Photo by aacocucci, gbif.org
  Flower:   Arachnitis uniflora ; Photo by eitel, gbif.org
Flower: Arachnitis uniflora; Photo by eitel, gbif.org