Velloziaceae

Taxonomy

Family name: Velloziaceae J. Agardh

Synonym(s): Acanthochlamydaceae P. C. Kao

Common name(s): vellozia family

*Number of genera/species: 4/306

List of genera records in GRIN-Global

Disseminule

seed

Description

Fruit dehiscent, anomalicidalanomalicidal:
type of capsular dehiscence, opening irregularly
or loculicidalloculicidal:
type of capsular dehiscence, opening longitudinally through the locules (compare septicidal)
capsulecapsule:
a dry, dehiscent fruit formed by two or more carpels
, 10–30 mm long, globoseglobose:
3D shape—more or less spherical
to oblongoblong:
2D shape—much longer than broad with nearly parallel sides, corners are rounded
, roundround:
2D shape—orbiculate; circular
in transectiontransection:
a cross section; representing a plane made by cutting across an organ at a right angle to its length
, many seeded. Pericarppericarp:
fruit wall or fruit coat
smooth, ribbedribbed:
surface relief—wide, prominent, linear ridges that are generally rounded and longitudinally situated on the surface
or wartywarty:
surface relief—distinct, rounded projections that are large relative to the fruit size; tuberculate, verrucose
, sometimes pubescentpubescent:
surface relief—bearing hairs
. CapsulesCapsules:
a dry, dehiscent fruit formed by two or more carpels
are sticky especially if humidity is high.

Seed polygonalpolygonal:
=angular
, cuneiformcuneiform:
=wedge-shaped
, or oblongoblong:
2D shape—much longer than broad with nearly parallel sides, corners are rounded
, compressedcompressed:
flattened; in grasses, used to denote compression (not necessarily flattened) either laterally or dorsiventrally
in transectiontransection:
a cross section; representing a plane made by cutting across an organ at a right angle to its length
, 5–18 mm long. Seed coat red or black, leatheryleathery:
texture—moderately thick, tough, and very pliable
or hard, reticulatereticulate:
surface relief—netted, raised walls or concave grooves forming a net-like surface pattern with flat, concave, or convex interspaces
.

Embryo well developed, linearlinear:
(shape) long, narrow, and uniform in width; (of embryo) embryo is straight and much longer than wide
, straight, laterallateral:
(of embryo) embryo lies along the side of the seed, generally towards one end; of, at, or from the side; in grasses, can refer to the sides adjacent to the dorsal and ventral sides
, partially filling seed coat. Endospermendosperm:
nutritive starch- and oil-containing tissue present in many seeds
copious, hard.

Identification features

Fruit
Type capsulecapsule:
a dry, dehiscent fruit formed by two or more carpels
Size range 10–30 mm long
Shape(s) globose, ellipsoidellipsoid:
3D shape—elliptic
, oblongoblong:
2D shape—much longer than broad with nearly parallel sides, corners are rounded
, ovoid
Texture unknown
Surface relief smooth or ribbedribbed:
surface relief—wide, prominent, linear ridges that are generally rounded and longitudinally situated on the surface
, wartywarty:
surface relief—distinct, rounded projections that are large relative to the fruit size; tuberculate, verrucose
, sometimes pubescent
Unique features Usually sticky capsulescapsule:
a dry, dehiscent fruit formed by two or more carpels
with numerous red seeds.
Seed
Size range 5–18 mm long
Shape(s) polygonal, cuneiformcuneiform:
=wedge-shaped
, oblong
Surface relief reticulatereticulate:
surface relief—netted, raised walls or concave grooves forming a net-like surface pattern with flat, concave, or convex interspaces
Color(s) red, black
Unique features Red or black seeds with leatheryleathery:
texture—moderately thick, tough, and very pliable
or hard, reticulatereticulate:
surface relief—netted, raised walls or concave grooves forming a net-like surface pattern with flat, concave, or convex interspaces
seed coats.
Other
Embryo well developed, linearlinear:
(shape) long, narrow, and uniform in width; (of embryo) embryo is straight and much longer than wide
, straight, laterallateral:
(of embryo) embryo lies along the side of the seed, generally towards one end; of, at, or from the side; in grasses, can refer to the sides adjacent to the dorsal and ventral sides
, partially filling seed coat
Nutritive tissuenutritive tissue:
tissue within the seeds that nourishes the developing embryo; such as endosperm, perisperm, or chalazosperm in angiosperms; megagametophyte in gymnosperms
endosperm endosperm:
nutritive starch- and oil-containing tissue present in many seeds
copious, hard

Distribution

South America, Africa to Madagascar, Arabia, China.

Distribution map courtesy of Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.

References

Ayensu 1973Ayensu 1973:
Ayensu ES. 1973. Biological and morphological aspects of the Velloziaceae. Biotropica 5 (3): 135ndash;149. https://doi.org/10.2307/2989806
; Baskin and Baskin 2021Baskin and Baskin 2021:
Baskin C and Baskin J. 2021. Relationship of the lateral embryo (in grasses) to other monocot embryos: A status up-grade. Seed Science Research 31 (3): 199-210. doi:10.1017/S0960258521000209
; Dahlgren et al. 1985Dahlgren et al. 1985:
Dahlgren RMT, Clifford HT, and Yeo PF. 1985. The families of the monocotyledons: structure, evolution, and taxonomy. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 520 pp.
; Kirkbride et al. 2006Kirkbride et al. 2006:
Kirkbride JH, Jr, Gunn CR, and Dallwitz MJ. 2006. Family guide for fruits and seeds, vers. 1.0. Accessed September 2020ndash;January 2022. URL: https://nt.ars-grin.gov/seedsfruits/keys/frsdfam/index.cfm .
; Kubitzki et al. 1990+Kubitzki et al. 1990+:
Kubitzki K et al., eds. 1990+. The families and genera of vascular plants. 7+ vols. Berlin etc.
; Smith and Ayensu 1974Smith and Ayensu 1974:
Smith LB and Ayensu ES. 1974. Leaf-anatomy and systematics of Old World Velloziaceae. Kew Bulletin 29 (1): 181ndash;205. https://doi.org/10.2307/4108984
; Smith and Ayensu 1975Smith and Ayensu 1975:
Smith LB and Ayensu ES. 1975. Velloziaceae. In: Polhill RM, ed. Flora of Tropical East Africa. Vol 191. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London UK. 9 pp.

*The number of genera and species is based on Christenhusz and Byng 2016Christenhusz and Byng 2016:
Christenhusz MJM and Byng JW. 2016. The number of known plant species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa 261 (3): 201ndash;217. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1
, which may differ from the number of genera in GRIN-Global.

  Fruit:   Vellozia phantasmagorica , with peduncle; Photo by R. Gibbons, USDA APHIS PPQ, Kirkbride et al. (2006)

Fruit: Vellozia phantasmagorica, with peduncle; Photo by R. Gibbons, USDA APHIS PPQ, Kirkbride et al. (2006)

  Fruit, seeds:   Vellozia phantasmagorica ; Photo by R. Gibbons, USDA APHIS PPQ, Kirkbride et al. (2006)

Fruit, seeds: Vellozia phantasmagorica; Photo by R. Gibbons, USDA APHIS PPQ, Kirkbride et al. (2006)

  Seeds:   Vellozia phantasmagorica;  Photo by R. Gibbons, USDA APHIS PPQ, Kirkbride et al. (2006)

Seeds: Vellozia phantasmagorica; Photo by R. Gibbons, USDA APHIS PPQ, Kirkbride et al. (2006)

  Fruit:   Xerophyta dasylirioides , with calyx; Photo by R. Gibbons, USDA APHIS PPQ, Kirkbride et al. (2006)

Fruit: Xerophyta dasylirioides, with calyx; Photo by R. Gibbons, USDA APHIS PPQ, Kirkbride et al. (2006)

  Fruit:   Xerophyta adendorffi;  Photo by N. van Berkel, gbif.org

Fruit: Xerophyta adendorffi; Photo by N. van Berkel, gbif.org

  Fruit :  Xerophyta adendorffii ; Photo by R. Gill, gbif.org

Fruit: Xerophyta adendorffii; Photo by R. Gill, gbif.org

  Seeds:  Xerophyta dasylirioides; Photo by R. Gibbons, USDA APHIS PPQ, Kirkbride et al. (2006)

Seeds: Xerophyta dasylirioides; Photo by R. Gibbons, USDA APHIS PPQ, Kirkbride et al. (2006)

  Embryo:   Barbacenia  sp.; Illustration by K. Parker, Kirkbride et al. (2006)

Embryo: Barbacenia sp.; Illustration by K. Parker, Kirkbride et al. (2006)

  Embryo:   Barbacenia gracilis;  Illustration by K. Parker, Kirkbride et al. (2006)

Embryo: Barbacenia gracilis; Illustration by K. Parker, Kirkbride et al. (2006)