Rhynchocalyaceae

Disclaimer

Content is from Kirkbride et al. 2006Kirkbride et al. 2006:
Kirkbride JH, Jr, Gunn CR, and Dallwitz MJ. 2006. Family guide for fruits and seeds, vers. 1.0. Accessed September 2020-January 2022. URL:  https://nt.ars-grin.gov/seedsfruits/keys/frsdfam/index.cfm ., without modification. 
Updates are forthcoming.

Taxonomy

Rhynchocalyaceae L.A. Johnson & B. Briggs

Common name: Rhynchocalyx Family.

Number of genera: 1 genus.

Number of species (Mabberley 1997): 1 species (Rhynchocalyx lawsonioides Oliver).

Disseminule

Fruit (dehisced), or seed.
 

Description

Fruits: Pistil(s) compound; 1; 1-pistillate; with carpels nearly separate to base. Fruit pericarpium; simplesimple:
fruit formed from a single flower with one pistil, solitary carpel or several fused carpels
; capsulecapsule:
a dry, dehiscent fruit derived from a compound ovary
; loculicidalloculicidal:
type of capsular dehiscence, opening longitudinally through the locules (compare septicidal)
capsulecapsule:
a dry, dehiscent fruit derived from a compound ovary
(assumed); capsulecapsule:
a dry, dehiscent fruit derived from a compound ovary
not inflated; capsulecapsule:
a dry, dehiscent fruit derived from a compound ovary
without operculumoperculum:
a dehiscent cap (or lid) of a seed or fruit that opens during germination or dehiscence
; without persistent central column; not within accessory organ(s); many-seeded; many; without sterilesterile:
lacking male and/or female reproductive parts; also, not producing fruit or seed
carpels; apexapex:
the point farthest from the point of attachment, or the "tip" of an organ
not beaked; dehiscentdehiscent:
(v. dehisce) splitting open at maturity to release contents (of a fruit)
. Dehiscentdehiscent:
(v. dehisce) splitting open at maturity to release contents (of a fruit)
unit seed(s). Dehiscentdehiscent:
(v. dehisce) splitting open at maturity to release contents (of a fruit)
regularly (only upper one-half opening); passively; at apexapex:
the point farthest from the point of attachment, or the "tip" of an organ
(only); without replumreplum:
the rim, formed by the persistent placentas, and connected by a false septum in Brassicaceae fruits. The fruit valves are attached to this rim and separate from it in dehiscent fruits.
. Epicarpepicarp:
outer layer of fruit wall or pericarp, if divided into layers; note here used synonymously with exocarp
durable; without armature; without wing(s); without apicalapical:
at or pertaining to the end of the seed or fruit distal from its point of attachment (i.e., base)
respiratory hole. Endocarpendocarp:
the inner layer of the pericarp, if divided into layers
present; not separating from exocarpexocarp:
outer layer of fruit wall or pericarp, if divided into layers; note here used synonymously with epicarp
; thinthin:
having or being of relatively little depth
; not splitting into 1-seeded pyrenes; without operculumoperculum:
a dehiscent cap (or lid) of a seed or fruit that opens during germination or dehiscence
; without secretory cavities; without longitudinallongitudinal:
of or relating to length or the lengthwise dimension
ridges. Funiculusfuniculus:
(alt. funicle) stalk connecting the ovule (later seed) to the ovary (later fruit) placenta
short; short without seed bearing hooks (retinacula); not persisting in fruit after seed shed.

Seeds: Seed larger than minute; less than 1 mm long, or 1 to less than 5 mm long; 1 mm long; ellipsoidellipsoid:
3D shape—elliptic
, or ovateovate:
2D shape—egg-shaped in outline, widest point is towards one end of the organ, the other end tapers gradually, attachment at or near the broad end (compare obovate, ovoid)
; in transectiontransection:
a cross section; representing a plane made by cutting across an organ at a right angle to its length
flattened; not bowl shaped; not nutlike; without winglike beakbeak:
a usually firm, terminal appendage, sometimes tapered
; without caudatecaudate:
tapering to a long, tail-like appendage
appendage(s); without canavanine. Sarcotestasarcotesta:
pulpy or fleshy outer layer of the seed coat, simulates aril
absent. Testatesta:
seed coat
present; with markedly different marginalmarginal:
at, on, or close to the margin or border
tissue; marginalmarginal:
at, on, or close to the margin or border
tissue winglike; without fleshyfleshy:
texture—fairly firm and dense, juicy or at least moist, and easily cut
or leatheryleathery:
texture—moderately thick, tough, and very pliable
layer over hard layer; shinyshiny:
uniformly reflecting a high proportion of incident light at all angles
; without glands; without bristles; glabrousglabrous:
without hairs
; with wing(s); 1-winged; with wing on one side (& 2 times seed length); without collar; without operculumoperculum:
a dehiscent cap (or lid) of a seed or fruit that opens during germination or dehiscence
; colored; monochrome; not becoming mucilaginousmucilaginous:
resembling mucilage; moist and sticky
when wetted. Rapheraphe:
a ridge or seam on the seed coat, formed by the portion of the funiculus united to the ovule wall in longitudinally curved ovules
conspicuous (running laterallateral:
(of embryo) embryo lies along the side of the seed, generally towards one end; of, at, or from the side; in grasses, can refer to the sides adjacent to the dorsal and ventral sides
to wing margin). Embryo differentiated from food reserve (assumed); well developed; without coleorhiza; with 2 or more cotyledons (assumed). Cotyledons 2 (assumed); equal in size; not punctatepunctate:
surface relief—dotted with pits or with translucent, sunken glands or with colored dots, similar to pitted
dotted.

Notes

Beusekom-Osinga & Beusekom (1975): "Fruit superiorsuperior:
ovary not enclosed to any degree by a floral tube casing, the perianth and/or androecium thus arising beneath (proximal to) it
, more or less didymousm laterally compressedcompressed:
flattened; in grasses, used to denote compression (not necessarily flattened) either laterally or dorsiventrally
, glabrousglabrous:
without hairs
, only the upper half dehiscentdehiscent:
(v. dehisce) splitting open at maturity to release contents (of a fruit)
with 2 valves which at the top bear a half of the longitudinally split stylestyle:
in a flower, the narrow and elongated part of the pistil between the stigma and the ovary; sometimes persisting in fruit
and stigmastigma:
the portion of the pistil receptive to pollen
. Seed depressed-ovoid; its wing elliptic-ovate, ca. 2 times longer than body of seed, thinthin:
having or being of relatively little depth
, rapheraphe:
a ridge or seam on the seed coat, formed by the portion of the funiculus united to the ovule wall in longitudinally curved ovules
running in laterallateral:
(of embryo) embryo lies along the side of the seed, generally towards one end; of, at, or from the side; in grasses, can refer to the sides adjacent to the dorsal and ventral sides
wing margin". Palmer & Punam (1972): "Fruit light, flattish capsulecapsule:
a dry, dehiscent fruit derived from a compound ovary
containing many tiny seeds, pea-sized, slightly beakedbeak:
a usually firm, terminal appendage, sometimes tapered
, clearly marked into the usual two divisions, light brown, much veinedveined:
surface relief—lines that intersect in a vein pattern that is flush or slightly raised from the surface
or ribbedribbed:
surface relief—wide, prominent, linear ridges that are generally rounded and longitudinally situated on the surface
, the tips splitting opne slightly to release a number of flat, thinthin:
having or being of relatively little depth
, ovaloval:
2D shape—elongate, widest at the middle, and symmetrically convex-attenuate to rounded ends
, shinyshiny:
uniformly reflecting a high proportion of incident light at all angles
seeds, wind dispersed".

References

Literature specific to this family: Beusekom-Osinga, R.J. van & C.F. van Beusekom. 1975. Delimation and subdivisions of the Crypteroniaceae (Myrtales). Blumea 22:255–266; Palmer, E. & N. Pitman. 1972b. Trees of Southern Africa, vol 3. A.A. Balkema, Cape Town; Oliver, D., ed. 1895. Icon. pl. 24: pl. 2348.

General references: Gunn, C.R., J.H. Wiersema, C.A. Ritchie, & J.H. Kirkbride, Jr. 1992 & amendments. Families and genera of Spermatophytes recognized by the Agricultural Research Service. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1796:1–500.