LepIntercept

CRAMBIDAE - Hendecasis duplifascialis (Hampson)

Taxonomy

Pyraloidea: Crambidae: "Cybalomiinae": Hendecasis duplifascialis (Hampson)

Common names: jasmine budworm

Synonyms: Trichophysetis duplifascialis.

The placement of this genus in Cybalomiinae needs further study (see the Detailed Information tab).

Larval diagnosis (Summary)

Adfrontal sutures reach epicranial notch
Head and prothoracic shield solid black or brown
Long and pointed spinneret
No pigmented pinacula on the thorax
Prespiracular pinaculum pigmented and extends below the spiracle
Prothoracic shield with XD2 equidistant from SD1 and XD1, all three setae almost in a vertical line
SV setae of prothorax in the middle of the pinaculum
SV group on A1 trisetose
Feeding on jasmine from Asia

Host/origin information

Hendecasis duplifascialis is reported to feed only on jasmine. Other host records in the literature and in PestID require confirmation. More than 80% of the total number of interception records in PestID for this species originate from Southeast Asia on Jasminum.

Origin Host(s)

Cambodia Jasminum

India Jasminum

Thailand Jasminum

Recorded distribution

Hendecasis duplifascialis is distributed throughout Southeast Asia. It has been specifically reported from China, India, Japan, the Philippines, and Thailand (Robinson et al. 1994, Wang et al. 2003, Shibuya 1931).

Identification authority (Summary)

Host and origin are important clues for the identification of this species. To the best of our knowledge, H. duplifascialis only occurs on jasmine in Southeast Asia. Larvae from countries outside of this region should only be identified to subfamily or family, even if associated with jasmine.

Pest characterization

(Based on Cavey 2001, Kalshoven 1981)

Taxonomy: High. Species identification is often possible.
Distribution: High. Hendecasis duplifascialis is absent from the U.S.
Potential Impact: Low. Although jasmine is an important ornamental in some areas of the United States, overall, most of North America would not be impacted by the introduction of H. duplifascialis.

This ranking characterizes H. duplifascialis as not quarantine significant to the U.S. Some subtropical areas may rank this species higher.

CRAMBIDAE - Hendecasis duplifascialis (Hampson)

Larval diagnosis (Detailed)

The larva of Hendecasis duplifascialis, the jasmine budworm, was described by Amutha and David (1998), although their illustrations are diagrammatic and their key to related species is hard to understand. They do provide useful information by recording three crambids, H. duplifascialis, Palpita vitrealis (=Diaphania or Margaronia unionis), and Nausinoe geometralis, from jasmine in India. All these species are widespread throughout the Old World and thus identification of H. duplifascialis requires a comparison to caterpillars found on the same host.

The most important morphological characters of H. duplifascialis are setae A1, A2 and pucture Aa not in a single line (Amutha and David 1998); XD2 equidistant from SD1 and XD1 on the prothorax with all three setae forming a vertical line; the SV group trisetose on A1; and the crochets of A3-6 in an almost closed biordinal circle (Weisman 1986, Solis 1999, 2011). The very long pointed spinneret and the oblong prespiracular pinaculum located below the spiracle in H. duplifascialis are also unusual. We could not understand "setae L1, L2 and L3 of the lateral group up to the eight segment" in H. duplifascialis and the same situation up to the sixth segment in other species (Amutha and David 1998); this implies that there are chaetotaxy differences that might help in identification.

Other more easily observed features can be suggested. The larva of Nausinoe geometralis was described by Huang (1965) and Singh (2012). The head of N. geometralis has bands (Huang 1965) unlike H. duplifascialis that has a solid dark head (TNAU Agritech Portal 2013). The photo of N. geometralis in Singh (2012: plate 12) shows a few pigmented thoracic pinacula. All the thoracic pinacula of H. duplifascialis are pale. These color differences will likely show in both living and preserved larvae.

Mathur and Singh (1963) partially illustrated the larva of Palpita vitrealis (as Diaphania unionis) with detailed drawings. The adfrontal area does not reach the epicranial notch and SD1 is slightly posterior of a line connecting XD1 and XD2. In addition, the prothoracic SV setae lie at the anterior end of an elongate pinacula. These characters can be used to separate H. duplifascialis from P. vitrealis. The adfrontal area of H. duplifascialis reaches the epicranial notch, the XD and SD1 setae form a vertical line and the SV setae on the prothorax are in the middle of the SV pinaculum. The larval color of P. vitrealis is green (TNAU Agritech Portal 2013); this implies a green head that would be different from the dark head of H. duplifascialis.

There is an Elasmopalpus on jasmine (TNAU Agritech Portal 2013). We do not have larval information on this species but we expect it has the normal characters of the Phycitinae that easily separate it from H. duplifascialis.

Identification authority (Detailed)

Host and origin are important clues for identification of H. duplifascialis. Larvae apparently feed only on jasmine (Robinson et al. 1994, 2001). Other plant records in Weisman (1986) and Solis (1999, 2011) require confirmation with reared adults.

The distribution of H. duplifascialis sometimes includes West Africa (Kalshoven 1981). Copeland et al. (2004) recorded Hendecasis sp. near duplifascialis from Kenya. African examples from jasmine that key out correctly in Solis (2006, 2011) can be taken to genus. Robinson et al. (1994) mentioned only India, Thailand, and the Philippines (including interceptions from this country at Hawaiian ports). They did say the range was probably wider than these three countries. China (Wang et al. 2003) and Japan (Shibuya 1931) can also be included. Larvae from countries that do not list H. duplifascialis as part of the fauna should only be identified to subfamily or family, even if from jasmine.

The damage of H. duplifascialis was illustrated by Kalshoven (1981). Larvae bore into the buds of jasmine unlike other related species that are leaf tiers (TNAU Agritech Portal 2013).

Hendecasis duplifascialis is currently in the Cybalomiinae, an Old World group of 72 species, whose known larvae also feed almost exclusively on Brassicales (Regier et al. 2012). Jasmine is in the Oleaceae, making H. duplifascialis an exception. Larval characters of H. duplifascialis fit the Spilomelinae/Pyraustine complex where Solis and Maes (2002) placed the Cybalomiinae.