Due to the massive economic impact of invasive fruit flies, multiple countries and organizations have developed resources to help limit their spread. Below is a short list of some of the main resources that may be of use in addition to the information provided with the Adult Bactrocera Fruit Fly ID tool.
African frugivorous flies (Diptera, Tephritidae): This site has Lucid identification keys covering all African Tephritidae, as well as fact sheet pages for the main pests. Note that the Adult Bactrocera ID tool currently covers the world except the African continent.
CABI Compendium: The CABI publishing company CABI Compendium has species pages for many Dacini pests with information on host ranges and distribution, taxonomy, descriptions of the different life stages, and life history information. Some pages are freely available, but most require a paid subscription.
EPPO Global Database: The European Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) Global Database has species pages for Dacini that have been recognized as current or potential threats to European agriculture.
Fruit Fly Identification Australia: The Fruit Fly Identification Australia website and accompanying freely available handbook PDF contain extensive information on the Dacini that are considered current or potential future pests in Australia. Species pages include photographs of pinned specimens, distribution and host range information, and information on molecular identification markers.
IPPC ISPMs: The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN) International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) has developed a series of International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs) including several diagnostic protocols (DPs) that cover the identification of selected Bactrocera pests.
Manual of Afrotropical Diptera: This manual provides extensive treatments of select fly families, and Volume 1 Chapter 3 "Adult morphology and terminology" includes an illustrated glossary that has become the standard for Diptera. This glossary may be particularly useful for those new to (fruit) fly morphology. The pdfs for each volume are downloadable and free.
Authors: Doorenweerd et al.
Last updated April 2025
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