KEYS    About TortAI    Fact Sheets    Glossary    ID Thumbnails    DNA Search    Dissection Guides Archips xylosteana << Previous Next >> CAPS Primary Target - Adult Archips xylosteana (Linnaeus) (Tortricidae: Tortricinae: Archipini) Common names: apple leaf roller, brown oak tortrix, variegated golden tortrix Synonyms: characterana (Tortrix), densata (Phalaena), gilvana (Tortrix), hybnerana (Pyralis), obliquana (Pyralis), pallens (var.), westriniana (Tortrix) Subspecies: A. xylosteana sabrinae (France) Fig. 1: Male Fig. 1: Male Fig. 2: Female Fig. 2: Female Fig. 3: Male genitalia Fig. 3: Male genitalia Fig. 4: Female genitalia Fig. 4: Female genitalia Fig. 5: Resting adult Fig. 5: Resting adult Fig. 6: Resting adult Fig. 6: Resting adult Fig. 7: Larva Fig. 7: Larva Fig. 8: Larva Fig. 8: Larva Fig. 9: Larva Fig. 9: Larva Fig. 10: Larval damage Fig. 10: Larval damage Fig. 11: Larval damage Fig. 11: Larval damage Adult Recognition FWL: 7.0-10.0 mm (male); 9.0-11.0 mm (female) Forewing ground color is pale pinkish brown. Forewing markings are dark reddish brown and include a basal patch and a well-defined median fascia that is narrow at the costa and broadened at the dorsum. The subterminal fascia gives the appearance of a costal spot on many individuals. Hindwings are grayish brown. Males have a forewing costal fold. Male genitalia are characterized by a large, parallel-sided uncus, rounded valva, and well-defined sacculus with a short projection. Female genitalia are characterized by a very long ductus bursae with cestum and a signum in the round corpus bursae. Archips xylosteana can appear similar to other Archips, including: Archips betulana, Archips crataegana, Archips grisea, Archips magnoliana, Archips oporana, Archips podana, and Archips rosana. A genitalic dissection can be used to confirm identity. Larval Morphology Last instar larvae are greenish gray to whitish gray. The head and prothoracic shield are black or dark brown and are separated by a white line. Thoracic legs are dark brown or black. Biology Archips xylosteana completes a single generation per year. Adults are present in late June to mid-August. Females deposit eggs in masses on branches or tree trunks. Eggs overwinter and first instar larvae hatch the following spring. Early instars feed on leaves and buds while later instars produce a leaf roll and skeletonize the leaf from inside. Pupation occurs from mid-May to June in a folded leaf and adults emerge in 9-12 days. In Europe this species is considered a minor pest of fruit trees, where it can cause damage to buds and new foliage. Larvae may also feed on fruitlets causing superficial damage. Host plants Larvae of Archips xylosteana feed on a variety of tree species. Family Genus/species Common name Aceraceae Acer L. maple Betulaceae Alnus Mill. alder Betulaceae Betula L. birch Betulaceae Corylus avellana L. common filbert Caprifoliaceae Lonicera periclymenum L. European honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae Lonicera L. honeysuckle Clusiaceae Hypericum L. St. Johnswort Cornaceae Cornus controversa Hemsl. ex Prain giant dogwood Fagaceae Castanea crenata Siebold & Zucc. Japanese chestnut Fagaceae Castanea Mill. chestnut Fagaceae Quercus acutissima Carruth. sawtooth oak Fagaceae Quercus cerris L. European turkey oak Fagaceae Quercus dentata Thunb. Daimyo oak Fagaceae Quercus robur L. English oak Fagaceae Quercus serrata Thunb. bao li Fagaceae Quercus L. oak Oleaceae Fraxinus excelsior L. European ash Pinaceae Abies Mill. fir Rosaceae Crataegus L. hawthorn Rosaceae Malus domestica Borkh. apple Rosaceae Malus pumila Mill. paradise apple Rosaceae Prunus armeniaca L. apricot Rosaceae Prunus avium (L.) L. sweet cherry Rosaceae Prunus serrulata Lindl. Japanese flowering cherry Rosaceae Prunus L. Rosaceae Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. f.) Nakai Chinese pear Rosaceae Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim. Rosaceae Rubus L. raspberry Rosaceae Sorbus aucuparia L. European mountain ash Rutaceae Citrus L. citrus Salicaceae Salix cinerea L. large gray willow Salicaceae Salix L. willow Tiliaceae Tilia L. basswood Ulmaceae Ulmus davidiana Planch. Japanese elm Ulmaceae Ulmus L. elm Distribution Archips xylosteana is distributed throughout Europe, Asia (China, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Siberia, Turkey), and northern Africa (Algeria). It was first discovered in North America (Newfoundland, Canada) in 2005. References Beeke, H. and D. J. De Jong. 1991. Identification of Larvae and Pupae, pp. 65-76. In L. P. S. van der Geest and H. H. Evenhius [eds.], Tortricid Pests: Their Biology, Natural Enemies, and Control. World Crop Pests, Vol. 5. Elsevier, Amsterdam. Bradley, J. D., W. G. Tremewan and A. Smith. 1973. British Tortricoid Moths - Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London, England. Davis, E. E., R. C. Venette and E. M. Albrecht. 2006. Oak commodity based survey reference. USDA - CAPS Commodity Reference Guide. Hoebeke, E. R., A. G. Wheeler, Jr. and J. W. Brown. 2008. Archips xylosteana (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a Palearctic leafroller new to North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 110: 789-795. Yasuda, T. 1975. The Tortricinae and Sparganothinae of Japan (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Part II. Bulletin of the University of Osaka Prefecture, Series B. 27: 79-251. Photo Credits Fig. 5: Sander van der Molen Figs. 6, 8, 9: Gyorgy Csoka, Hungary Forest Research Institute, Bugwood.org Fig. 7: Fabio Stergulc, Universita di Udine, Bugwood.org Figs. 10-11: Milan Zubrik, Forest Research Institute - Slovakia, Bugwood.org Tortricids of Agricultural Importance by Todd M. Gilligan and Marc E. Epstein Interactive Keys developed in Lucid 3.5. Last updated August 2014.