aedeagus: in male beetles, the penis
alar: relating to the wings
alutaceous: rather pale leather-brown; covered with minute cracks like the human skin and leathery in texture
annulate: surrounded by a ring of a different color
antenna: in larval and adult insects, paired segmented appendages, borne one on each side of the head, functioning as sense organs and bearing a large number of sensilla
antennomere: a subunit of the antenna, including the scape, pedicel, and flagellomeres
antero-: Latin prefix; before; to the front of
apex: end of any structure distad to the base
appendiculate: bearing appendages
arcuate: arched or bow-like
attenuate: gradually tapering apically
base: the part of any appendage or structure that is nearest the body
bidentate: having two teeth
bifid: cleft or divided into two parts; forked
bilabiate spiracle: an elongate or annular spiracle with a pair of projecting lips interior to the spiracular frame (peritreme)
brachypterous: having short or reduced wings
callose: furnished with calli
carina: an elevated ridge or keel, not necessarily high or acute
castaneous: chestnut brown; bright red-brown
caudal: of or pertaining to the cauda or to the anal end of the insect's body
chitin: a major polysaccharide constituent of arthropod cuticle
chitinization: the process of depositing or filling with chitin
chitinized: filled in with or hardened by chitin
chitinous: composed of chitin or like it in structure
cicatrix: a scar; a scar-like structure
clavate: thickening gradually toward the tip
clypeus:
that part of the insect head below the frons, to which the labrum is attached anteriorly
conical: wider at base than apex
contiguous: so near together as to touch
corneus: of a horny or chitinous substance; resembling horn in texture
crenulate: having the margin finely notched with small, rounded teeth
crista: a prominent, longitudinal carina on the upper surface of any part of the head or body
cuneate: wedge-shaped
cuticle: a secretion of the epidermis, covering the entire body of the insect
cylindrical: shaped like a cylinder, parallel sided
dimorphic: occurring in two distinct forms
distad: toward the distal end
distal: near or toward the free end of any appendage; that part of a segment farthest from the body
divaricate: forked or divided into two branches
divergent: spreading out from a common base
elongate: much longer than wide
elytron: the leathery forewing of beetles, serving as a covering for the hind wings, commonly meeting opposite elytron in a straight line down the middle of the dorsum in repose
emarginate: notched at the margin
epicranium: the upper part of the head from the frons to the neck, including frons, vertex, and genae
epimeron: the posterior division of a thoracic pleuron, marked anteriorly by the pleural suture
epipleurum: in larval Coleoptera, the lateral area immediately above the ventrolateral suture and below the alar area
episternum: the aspect of a thoracic pleuron dorsal to the coxal cavity and anterior to the pleural suture
epistoma: the oral margin or sclerite directly behind the labrum, e.g., anteclypeus, clypeus or frontoclypeus
excurved: curved outward
exserted: projecting; thrust forth
farinose: dotted with many single flour-like spots
filiform: threadlike, i.e., slender and of equal diameter, being commonly applied to antennae
fimbriate: fringed with hairs of irregular length
flabellate: fan-shaped, i.e., with long thin processes lying flat on each other like the folds of a fan, e.g. flabellate antennae
flagellomere: one part of a multiannulated flagellum of an antenna, not including scape or pedicel
frass: solid larval insect excrement
frons:
the upper anterior portion of the head capsule, usually a distinct sclerite between the epicranium and clypeus
frontoclypeal suture: the suture between the frons and the clypeus
fusiform: spindle-shaped, i.e., broad at the middle and narrowing towards the ends
gena:
the part of the cranium on each side below the eye
gin-traps: in pupal Coleoptera, defense organs formed by local sclerotization of opposable edges of adjacent abdominal segments
girdle: to cut away the bark and cambium in a ring around (a plant) usually to kill by interrupting the circulation of water and nutrients
glabrous: smooth, devoid of pubescence; devoid of any sculpturing
granulate: minutely and densely verrucose or minutely farinose
humerus: shoulder; the basal exterior angle of the elytra
hypopleurum: in larval Coleoptera, the lateral area immediately below the ventrolateral suture
labial palp:
an extension of the labium, found in a posterior position within the mouth parts
labrum:
the upper lip, abutting the clypeus in front of the mouth
lobe: a rounded projection or protuberence
macula: a spot or mark
maxillary palp:
an extension of the maxilla, in an anterior position within the mouth parts
mesepimeron: the epimeron of the mesothorax
mesocoxa: coxa of the midleg
mesofemur: the middle femur
mesosternal process: a prolongation of the mesosternum extending between the mesocoxae
mesosternum: sternum of the mesothorax
mesothorax: the second or middle thoracic segment bearing the midlegs and the forewings
metacoxa: coxa of the hind leg
metafemur: hind femur
metepimeron:
the epimeral portion of the pleuron on the posterior thoracic segment
metepisternum:
the episternal portion of the pleuron on the posterior thoracic segment
micropyle: one of the minute openings in the chorion of an insect egg, through which sperm enter in fertilization
moniliform: beaded like a necklace, e.g., monoliform antennae
oblong: longer than broad
occiput: dorsal part of the head between the occipital sulcus and the postoccipital sulcus
ocelliform: in the shape of ocelli
ommatidium: one of the visual elements of the compound eye
orbicular: round and flat
ovate: egg-shaped, with the broader end at the base
oviposit: to deposit or lay eggs or ova
ovoid: see ovate
palpifer: any palp-bearing part
paramere: A pair of finger-like structures that are located where the male genitalia exits the abdomen.
parascutal area: alar area
pectinate: applied especially to antennae or claws, with even processes like the teeth of a comb
pedicel: the second segment of the antenna, following the scape
peritreme: the sclerite plate about any body opening, especially about any spiracle
phytophagous: feeding in or on plants
piceous: black, pitch colored
pleuron:
the lateral portion of a thoracic segment bordered by the notum dorsally and the sternum ventrally
postero-: Latin prefix; posterior; back
pretarsus: last segment of the insect leg
proalar: pertaining to forewing
procoxa: coxa of the front leg
pronotum: the upper and dorsal part of the prothorax
protergum: tergum of the prothorax
protuberance: any outgrowth or elevation above the surface
protuberant: rising or produced above the surface or general level
proximal: that part of an appendage nearest the body, as opposed to distal
pseudotetramerous: having apparently four articles, although five are actually present
pubescent: downy; clothed with soft, short, fine, loosely set hair
punctate: set with fine, impressed points or punctures appearing as pin-pricks
punctation: pits or depression of variable size in cuticle
reniform: kidney-shaped
rugose: wrinkled
rugulose: minutely rugose; minutely wrinkled
scape: the first proximal segment of the antenna
sclerite: any hardened plate of the body wall bounded by membrane or sutures; sometimes found floating in the internal sac of male genitalia
scutellum: a small sclerite located directly posterior to the pronotum, bordered laterally by the elytra
serrate: sawlike, i.e., with notched edges like the teeth of a saw, e.g., serrate antennae
seta: a sclerotized hair-like projection of the cuticle
setiferous: set with or bearing setae; see setose
setose: furnished or covered with setae or stiff hairs
sinuous: undulating, curved in and out
spiculate: having the form of a spicule, or needlelike spine
spine: a protuberance with an acute (sharp) distal end
spinose: armed with thorny spines, more elongate than echinate
spinule: a small spine
sternellar: pertaining to the sternellum
sternellum: the second sclerite of the ventral part of each thoracic segment, frequently divided into longitudinal parts which may be widely separated
striate: marked with parallel, fine, longitudinal, impressed lines or furrows
subquadrate: not quite a square
subtruncate: not quite cut off squarely at the tip
sulcus: groove with a purely functional origin
suture: groove marking the line of fusion of two formerly distinct plates; the line of junction of elytra
tarsal claw: usually paired claws of the pretarsus, at the distal end of the leg
tarsomere: subdivision or article of the tarsus, usually numbering from two to five
tarsus: the leg segment distal to the apex of the tibia, bearing the pretarsus; consists of one to five tarsomeres (including pretarsus)
tergum: the upper or dorsal surface of any body segment of insect, whether consisting of one or more than one sclerite
thorax: the middle body segment in insects which bears the legs and wings, consists of the pro-, meso-, and meta- thorax
tibia: the leg segment distal to the femur, proximal to the tarsus
transverse: broader than long
truncate: cut off squarely at the tip
tubercle: a small knoblike or rounded protuberance
type: a particular kind of specimen; e.g. allotype, cotype, holotype, lectotype, paratype, syntype
uncate: hooked; barbed
unguiculus: a small claw or claw-like process
urogomphus: in larval Coleoptera, usually paired processes from the posterior end of the tergum of the ninth abdominal segment, being joined and movable by muscles, or unjointed and immoveable
verrucose: covered with irregularly shaped lobes or wart-like protuberances
vertex: the top of the head between the eyes, frons and occiput, anterior to the occipital suture
vitta: a broad longitudinal stripe
xylophagous: feeding on xylem or wood
