Name and publication

Phytophthora terminalis Man in 't Veld & K. Rosend. (2015)

Man In 't Veld WA, Rosendahl KC, van Rijswick PC, Meffert JP, Westenberg M, van de Vossenberg BT, Denton G, and van Kuik FA. 2015. Phytophthora terminalis sp. nov. and Phytophthora occultans sp. nov., two invasive pathogens of ornamental plants in Europe. Mycologia 107: 54–65.

Corresponding author: w.a.man.in.t.veld@minlnv.nl

Nomenclature

from Man In 't Veld et al. (2015)

Mycobank

MB803536

Etymology

terminalis (L), matching the epithet of the main host Pachysandra terminalis, but also indicating that after infection the plant can write its ‘‘last will’’

Typification

Type: NETHERLANDS, isolated from root and stem base rot of Pachysandra terminalis, 2010, Karin Rosendahl (holotype CBS 133865, dried culture in herb. CBS)

Ex-type: CBS 133865

Sequences for ex-type in original manuscript: PD4885512-1 = ITS JX978167, CoxI JX978168, β-tub JX978169, TEF1a KF650774

Ex-type in other collections

(ET) CBS 133865, WPC P19956, S&T BL 164 (Abad), 65B8 (Hong), PD 010 04885512-1

Molecular identification

Voucher sequences for barcoding genes (ITS rDNA and COI) of the ex-type (see Molecular protocols page)

Phytophthora terminalis isolate CPHST BL 164 (= P19956 WPC) = ITS rDNA MG865592, COI MH136984

Voucher sequences for Molecular Toolbox with seven genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Voucher sequences for Metabarcoding High-throughput Sequencing (HTS) Technologies [Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (MOTU)]

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Sequences with multiple genes for ex-type in other sources

• NCBI: Phytophthora terminalis CPHST BL 164
• NCBI: Phytophthora terminalis PD4885512-1
• EPPO-Q-bank: Phytophthora terminalis
• BOLDSYSTEMS: Phytophthora terminalis (carcoding COI & ITS)

Position in multigenic phylogeny with 7 genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1)

Clade clade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
2a

Morphological identification

adapted from Man In 't Veld et al. (2015)

Colonies and cardinal temperatures

Colony colony:
assemblage of hyphae which usually develops form a single source and grows in a coordinated way
after 7 days of growth on V8-A, PDA, and MEA with no distinctive pattern. Minimum growth temperature 10°C, optimum 24°C, and maximum 28°C.

Asexual phase

SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
semipapillatesemipapillate:
pertaining to the production of shallow having papilla that are not well developed, shallow and less nipple-like than fully papillate structures
, rarely bipapillate; caducouscaducous:
pertaining to sporangia that become dislodged readily (i.e. deciduous) and separate from the sporangiophore (cf. persistent)
with medium pedicelpedicel:
the hyphal base of a sporangium that remains attached after the sporangium separates, or is shed, from the sporangiophore; the pedicel may be short (< 5 µm), medium (5–20 µm), or long (> 20 µm)
length (7–22 µm L), and persistentpersistent:
pertaining to sporangia that remain attached to the sporangiophore and do not separate or detach easily (cf. caducous)
; ovoidovoid:
egg-shaped, with the widest part at the base of the sporangium and the narrow part at the apex
, obpyriformobpyriform:
inversely pear-shaped, i.e. with the widest part at the point of attachment (cf. pyriform)
, sometimes mouse-shaped (27–38 L µm); originated in simple sympodial sporangiophores. Hyphal swellings absent. ChlamydosporesChlamydospores:
an asexual spore with a thickened inner wall&nbsp;that is delimited from the mycelium by a septum; may be terminal or intercalary, and survives for long periods in soil
absent.

Sexual phase

Homothallic. OogoniaOogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
(31–35 µm diam.), antheridiaantheridia:
the male gametangium; a multinucleate, swollen hyphal tip affixed firmly to the wall of the female gametangium (the oogonium)
predominantly paragynousparagynous:
pertaining to the sexual stage in which the antheridium is attached to the side of the oogonium (cf. amphigynous)
; oosporesoospores:
zygote or thick-walled spore that forms within the oogonium after fertilization by the antheridium; may be long-lived
apleroticaplerotic:
pertaining to a mature oospore that does not fill the oogonium; i.e. there is room left between the oospore wall and oogonium wall (cf. plerotic)
, rarely pleroticplerotic:
pertaining to an oospore that fills the oogonium (cf. aplerotic)
(26–31 µm diam.).

Most typical characters

Phytophthora terminalis is characterized by the presence of sporangiasporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
semipapillatesemipapillate:
pertaining to the production of shallow having papilla that are not well developed, shallow and less nipple-like than fully papillate structures
and caducouscaducous:
pertaining to sporangia that become dislodged readily (i.e. deciduous) and separate from the sporangiophore (cf. persistent)
with medium pedicelpedicel:
the hyphal base of a sporangium that remains attached after the sporangium separates, or is shed, from the sporangiophore; the pedicel may be short (< 5 µm), medium (5–20 µm), or long (> 20 µm)
, and the absence of chlamydosporeschlamydospores:
an asexual spore with a thickened inner wall&nbsp;that is delimited from the mycelium by a septum; may be terminal or intercalary, and survives for long periods in soil
and hyphal swellings combined with the characters of the sexual phase.

Additional specimen(s) evaluated

Phytophthora terminalis ex-type CPHST BL 164, duplicate of P19956 (World Phytophthora Collection), which is a duplicate of the ex-type CBS 133865

Hosts and distribution

Distribution: Europe (Belgium, Netherlands)
Substrate: roots, stem base
Disease note: root and stem base rot
Host: Pachysandra terminalis (Buxaceae)

Retrieved February 01, 2018 from U.S. National Fungus Collections Nomenclature Database.

Additional references and links

 

• SMML USDA-ARS: Phytophthora terminalis
• EPPO Global Database: Phytophthora terminalis
• Forest Phytophthora of the world: Phytophthora terminalis
• CABI Digital Library: Phytophthora terminalis
• Encyclopedia of Life (EOL): Phytophthora terminalis
• Index Fungorum (IF): Phytophthora terminalis

 

• Google All Phytophthora terminalis
• Google Images Phytophthora terminalis
• Google Scholar Phytophthora terminalis

Fact sheet author

Z. Gloria Abad, Ph.D., USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory (PPCDL), United States of America.