KEYS    About TortAI    Fact Sheets    Glossary    ID Thumbnails    DNA Search    Dissection Guides Cydia strobilella << Previous Next >> Port Interception Target - Larva Cydia strobilella (Linnaeus) (Tortricidae: Olethreutinae: Grapholitini) Synonyms: kollarana (Tortrix), strobilana (Tortrix), youngana (Enarmonia) Fig. 1: Male Fig. 1: Male Fig. 2: Female Fig. 2: Female Fig. 3: Female Fig. 3: Female Fig. 4: Male genitalia Fig. 4: Male genitalia Fig. 5: Larva in cone Fig. 5: Larva in cone Fig. 6: Resting adult Fig. 6: Resting adult Adult Recognition FWL: 4.5-7.0 mm Adults are dark brown with lighter, metallic, transverse markings. Hindwings are brown. Males lack a forewing costal fold. Cydia strobilella is similar to other Palearctic pine-feeding Cydia, including C. conicolana, C. cosmophorana, and C. pactolana. A genitalic dissection can be used to confirm identity. Larval Morphology Larvae are pale yellow to white with a light or dark-brown head. The prothoracic shield is light brown with darker posterolateral shading. In North America, larvae of Cydia strobilella are intercepted on spruce cones imported from Europe. Biology Cydia strobilella completes 1-2 annual generations. In Europe, a single generation is most common and adults are present April to May in the South and May to June in the North. In North America, two generations are common and adults are present in April and May and again in August and September. Adults are active during the afternoon. Females lay eggs under the scales of young cones. Early instar larvae feed on the scales, later moving to the seeds. Mid- to late instars tunnel inside the cone and form a double, branched mine. Pupation occurs in the cone. Each cone may support several larvae. Host plants Larvae are a pest of spruce and have been recorded feeding on various other Pinaceae. Family Genus/species Common name Pinaceae Abies alba Mill. silver fir Pinaceae Abies Mill. fir Pinaceae Picea A. Dietr. spruce Pinaceae Picea abies (L.) Karst. Norway spruce Pinaceae Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. Engelmann spruce Pinaceae Picea glauca (Moench) Voss white spruce Pinaceae Picea jezoensis (Siebold & Zucc.) Carriere Pinaceae Picea koyamae Shiras. Pinaceae Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. black spruce Pinaceae Picea obovata Ledeb. Pinaceae Picea omorika (Pancic) Purk. Pinaceae Picea pungens Engelm. blue spruce Pinaceae Picea rubens Sarg. red spruce Pinaceae Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carriere Sitka spruce Pinaceae Pinus pungens Lamb. Table Mountain pine Pinaceae Pinus sylvestris L. Scots pine Distribution Cydia strobilella occurs from Europe to China and Japan. It is also present in the northern United States and Canada. References Bradley, J. D., W. G. Tremewan and A. Smith. 1979. British Tortricoid Moths - Tortricidae: Olethreutinae. The Ray Society, London, England. 336 pp. Brockerhoff, E. G. and M. Kenis. 1996. Parasitoids associated with Cydia stobilella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Europe, and considerations for their use for biological control in North America. Biological Control. 6: 202-214. Heinrich, C. 1926. Revision of the North American moths of the subfamilies Laspeyresiinae and Olethreutinae. Bulletin of the U.S. National Museum. 132: 1-216. Razowski, J. 2003. Tortricidae of Europe, Vol. 2, Olethreutinae. Frantisek Slamka, Slovakia. 301 pp. Photo Credits Fig. 5: Edward H. Holsten, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Fig. 6: James K. Lindsey Tortricids of Agricultural Importance by Todd M. Gilligan and Marc E. Epstein Interactive Keys developed in Lucid 3.5. Last updated August 2014.