KEYS    About TortAI    Fact Sheets    Glossary    ID Thumbnails    DNA Search    Dissection Guides Cnephasiini << Previous Next >> CAPS Non-target - Adult Port Interception Target - Larva Fig. 1: D. basiplagana male Fig. 1: D. basiplagana male Fig. 2: D. basiplagana male Fig. 2: D. basiplagana male Fig. 3: D. fragariana male Fig. 3: D. fragariana male Fig. 4: D. fragariana male Fig. 4: D. fragariana male Fig. 5: C. longana male Fig. 5: C. longana male Fig. 6: C. longana female Fig. 6: C. longana female Fig. 7: C. longana male genitalia Fig. 7: C. longana male genitalia Fig. 8: C. longana female genitalia Fig. 8: C. longana female genitalia Overview The Cnephasiini contains approximately 250 species that are distributed throughout the Holarctic. Forewing pattern varies within the tribe, but many North American representatives are yellow, gray, or white. Male genitalia are characterized by an uncus covered in small spines. Female genitalia are characterized by papillae anales that are modified to cover eggs with debris, and a band-shaped, poorly-defined signum. This is the only tribe in the Tortricinae in which most of its members have a 12-carbon sex pheromone, a condition usually found in the Olethreutinae. North American representatives of the genus include Cnephasia, Decodes, and Eana. Cnephasia is a Palearctic genus with three members introduced into North America: C. asseclana and C. stephensiana, and C. longana. Cnephasia longana is a pest of cereal crops in Europe and has been reported as a pest of strawberries in the Pacific Northwest. Decodes contains 18 species, many of which are present in the American Southwest and northern Mexico. Decodes basiplagana and D. fragariana are oak feeders; the former is present in the East while the latter is present in the West. Eana is a small genus with members in the Palearctic and Nearctic. Most species are have unmarked, white forewings; however, none are treated here. For photos of additional non-targets not covered here, visit the Moth Photographers Group link below. Cnephasiini larvae are occasionally intercepted at U.S. ports of entry from Europe. It is assumed that a majority of these are Cnephasia, but a genus-level identification is rarely confirmed. Non-target species Cnephasia longana Decodes basiplagana Decodes fragariana Links The following external links require an internet connection. The authors, CSU, CDFA, and USDA/APHIS/PPQ/CPHST are not responsible for the availability or content of these external sites: Moth Photographers Group - Tortricini (and Cnephasiini) References Glas, M. 1991. Tortricids in cereals, pp. 553-661. In: L. P. S. van der Geest, H. H. Evenhuis (eds.), Tortricid pests, their biology, natural enemies and control. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Horak, M. and R. L. Brown. 1991. Taxonomy and phylogeny, pp. 23-50. In: L. P. S. van der Geest, H. H. Evenhuis (eds.), Tortricid Pests: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Mutuura, A. 1982. Cnephasia stephensiana, a species newly recorded from Canada and compared with the previously recorded C. interjectana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The Canadian Entomologist. 114: 667-671. Powell, J. A. 1964. Biological and taxonomic studies on tortricine moths, with reference to the species in California. University of California Publications in Entomology. Vol. 32. 317 pp. Razowski, J. 1987. The genera of Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Part 1. Palearctic Chlidanotinae and Tortricinae. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia. 30: 141-355. Razowski, J. 2002. Tortricidae of Europe, Vol. 1, Tortricinae and Chlidanotinae. Frantisek Slamka, Slovakia. 247 pp. Roelofs, W. L. and R. L. Brown. 1982. Pheromones and evolutionary relationships of Tortricidae. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 13: 395-422. Tortricids of Agricultural Importance by Todd M. Gilligan and Marc E. Epstein Interactive Keys developed in Lucid 3.5. Last updated August 2014.