Nodocion voluntarius
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adult female, live |
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adult female, dead |
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adult male, live |
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female genitalia; epigynum |
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male genitalia; palp, lateral view |
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male genitalia; palp, ventral view |
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grape size comparison with adult spiders; male (left), female (right) |
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spiderlings, dead; dorsal (left), ventral (right) |
Current valid name
Nodocion voluntarius (Chamberlin) (family Gnaphosidae)
Recognition and diagnostic features
Generic tan to dark brown spider, has spinnerets that are cylindrical and one segment (diagnostic of the family Gnaphosidae). Best to try to match genitalia as this is a very generic tannish spider.
Related or similar species
Cheiracanthium species, Zelotes nilicola
Spider
Range of body lengths when mature: male: 5.51 ± 0.48 mm, female: 6.87 ± 0.87 mm
Immatures resemble miniature adults.
Egg sac
No egg or egg sac information is available for this species
Distribution
In California: throughout
Elsewhere: Pacific Northwest, southwestern U.S.
Native to North America
This species has not been transported or become established outside of its range.
Biology
Nocturnal hunter. Hides under vine bark, may be found in grape bunches.
Status in table grapes
Level of Incidence: uncommon
Level of Concern in New Zealand: WPNZ (May 2010) nr, BORIC (Dec 2011) nr (not listed), MAF-BPRA (2002) nr (coding definition)
Level of Concern in Australia: WPAU (2006) nr (coding definition)
Level of Medical importance: none
Common name
None for species, ground spiders for family
Taxonomic history
Several synonyms, but nothing recent to cause confusion.
Selected references
Platnick, N. I., and M. U. Shadab. 1980. A revision of the North American spider genera Nodocion, Litopyllus, and Synaphosus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). Amer. Mus. Novit. #2691, 26 pp.
