Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae.
Phylogenetic Number: 1.4.02.
Tribe: Detarieae.
Group: Cynometra.
Species Studied - Species in Genus: 4 studied; 5 in genus.
Fruit: A legumelegume:
usually dry, dehiscent fruit derived from a single carpel that opens along two longitudinal sutures
; unilocular; 4–5.5 cm long; 2–4 cm wide; 1–1.5 cm thick; length less than twice as long as width; with deciduous androecial sheath; with deciduous corolla; with deciduous calyx; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight; not plicate; not twisted; symmetrical, or asymmetrical; nearly circular, or elliptic, or falcate; with both sutures parallelly curved, or 1 straight and 1 curved suture; widest near middle or D-shaped; not inflated; compressed; without beak; tapered at apex; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit; rounded at base; oblique with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex and base uniform in texture; coriaceous; seed chambers externally invisible; margin not constricted; margin without sulcus; margin plain; wing(s) absent; stipitate; with the stipe 6–10 mm long; with all layers dehiscing; splitting along suture(s). Dehiscence of valves along both sutures (initially along ventral margin); passive. Replum invisible. Epicarp dull; monochrome; brown; with surface texture uniform; minutely pubescent and indurate, or glabrous; with hairs erect; with simple hairs; eglandular; without spines; not smooth; with elevated features; veined; transversely veined relative to fruit length; not tuberculate; glandular dotted; not exfoliating; without cracks; without embedded tissue, much thicker than epicarp, running from base to apex. Mesocarp present; surface not veined; 1-layered; without balsamic vesicles; without fibers; without reniform canals; solid; ligneous to coriaceous. Endocarp present; visible; dull; opaque; monochrome; brown; without adhering pieces of testa; nonseptate; not exfoliating; remaining fused to mesocarp and epicarp; entire. Seed(s) 1–2; length transverse to fruit length; neither overlapping nor touching, or touching (in z seeded fruits); in 1 series. Funiculus 0.1–0.5 mm long; of 1 length only; thick; straight. Aril absent.
Seed: 20–40 mm long; 20–30 mm wide; 7–12 mm thick; not overgrown; not angular; asymmetrical; D-shaped to reniform; compressed; with surface smooth; without visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without hilar sinus; without umbo on seed faces; without medial ridge on each face. Cuticle not exfoliating; not inflated; not wrinkled. Testa present; without pieces of adhering epicarp; not adhering to endocarp; free from endocarp; dull; not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome; reddish brown; glabrous; not smooth; with elevated features; rugose; chartaceous (or possibly fleshy when fresh). Pleurogram absent. Pseudopleurogram absent. Fracture lines absent. Rim absent. Wing(s) absent. Raphe not visible. Hilum present; fully concealed; concealed by funicular remnant; without faboid split; punctiform, or larger than punctiform; 0.1–3 mm long; with straight outline; apical at apex of radicle tip, or apical according to radicle tip but marginal according to seed length; flush; not within corona, halo, or rim. Lens not discernible. Endosperm absent. Cotyledons smooth; both outer faces convex; both the same thickness; both more or less of equal length; not folded; margin entire 180 degrees from base of radicle; similar at apex; partially concealing radicle (all but tip concealed); notched at radicle and split over radicle; with the interface division terminating at base of radicle; without margins recessed; inner face flat; glabrous on inner face. Embryonic axis straight; perpendicular to length of seed; without a joint evident between the radicle and the cotyledons. Radicle differentiated from cotyledon; centered between cotyledons. Plumule rudimentary; glabrous.
East Africa coastal mountains and Gulf of Guinea.
Old World; East Africa (coastal mountains and Gulf of Guinea).
Tribe Detarieae
Bruneau et al. (2000) carried out extensive phylogenetic analyses of tribes Amherstieae and Detarieae. They concluded that they form a single monophyletic group. Therefore, they supported Polhill's (1995a, 1995b) decision to unite the two tribes.
Seed, cotyledon, embryo, and testa: Z. capparidacea (P.H.W. Taubert) J.J.G. Léonard - top far left cotyledon notched and split and probably concealing radicle (above) and embryonic axis (below), top left center seed topography, testa SEMs; Z. schliebenii (H.A.T. Harms) J.J.G. Léonard - bottom far left seed in situ; Z. spp. - bottom left center seeds.
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