Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae.
Phylogenetic Number: 1.4.42.
Tribe: Detarieae.
Group: Detarium.
Species Studied - Species in Genus: 9 studied; 19–21 in genus.
Fruit: A legumelegume:
usually dry, dehiscent fruit derived from a single carpel that opens along two longitudinal sutures
; unilocular; 4.5–15 cm long; 3.5–8.5 cm wide; 1–1.5 cm thick; length less than twice as long as width; with deciduous androecial sheath; with deciduous corolla; with deciduous calyx; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight; not plicate; not twisted; symmetrical, or asymmetrical; ovate to elliptic; with 1 straight and 1 curved suture; widest near middle or D-shaped; not inflated; flattened; without beak; tapered at apex; oblique with longitudinal axis of fruit; rounded at base; oblique with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex and base uniform in texture; ligneous; seed chambers externally invisible; margin not constricted; margin without sulcus; margin plain; wing(s) absent; substipitate; tardily with all layers dehiscing (perhaps indehiscent); splitting along suture(s). Dehiscence of valves along 1 suture, or both sutures (dorsal). Replum invisible. Epicarp dull; monochrome; dark reddish brown to black; with surface texture uniform; glabrous to pubescent and indurate (hairs golden); with hairs erect; eglandular; with spines, or without spines (spines to 3 mm long); smooth, or not smooth; with elevated features; weakly veined, or not veined; reticulately veined; not tuberculate; warty; not exfoliating; without cracks; without embedded tissue, much thicker than epicarp, running from base to apex. Mesocarp present; surface not veined; 1-layered; without balsamic vesicles; with fibers; without reniform canals; mealy (fibers embedded in mealy tissue); ligneous. Endocarp present; visible; dull; opaque; monochrome; reddish brown; without adhering pieces of testa; septate to nonseptate; not exfoliating; remaining fused to mesocarp and epicarp; entire. Seed(s) 1–5; length oblique to fruit length; neither overlapping nor touching; in 1 series. Funiculus 0.1–2 mm long; of 1 length only; thick; straight to curved. Aril present (yellow, orange or red); fleshy; when fleshy irregular; entire; covering 1/2 to nearly all of seed to entire seed.
Seed: 13–40 mm long; 13–30 mm wide; 8–19 mm thick; not overgrown; not angular; symmetrical, or asymmetrical; elliptic to ovate, or irregular; compressed; with surface smooth; without visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without hilar sinus; without umbo on seed faces; without medial ridge on each face. Cuticle not exfoliating; not inflated; not wrinkled. Testa present; without pieces of adhering epicarp; not adhering to endocarp; free from endocarp; glossy; not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome; reddish brown; glabrous; smooth; osseous. Pleurogram absent. Pseudopleurogram absent. Fracture lines present; concentric. Rim absent. Wing(s) absent. Raphe not visible. Hilum present; fully concealed; concealed by aril, or funicular remnant; without faboid split; larger than punctiform; 0.1–2 mm long; with straight outline; subapical to radicle tip; flush (in slight depression); not within corona, halo, or rim. Lens discernible; 0.1–6 mm long; with margins curved; circular; not in groove of raphe; mounded; same color as testa; not within corona, halo, or rim. Endosperm absent. Cotyledons smooth; both outer faces convex; both the same thickness; both more or less of equal length; not folded; margin entire 180 degrees from base of radicle; similar at apex; completely concealing radicle; split over radicle; with the interface division terminating at base of radicle; without margins recessed; inner face flat; glabrous on inner face. Embryonic axis straight; parallel to length of seed; without a joint evident between the radicle and the cotyledons. Radicle differentiated from cotyledon; centered between cotyledons. Plumule rudimentary; glabrous.
Southeast Asia, Malaysia, Gabon.
Old World; Africa, Indochina, China, and Indonesia and the Philippines (including Malaysia and Gabon).
Testa 2-Layered: Outer hard, inner spongy and turned softening solution red.
Tribe Detarieae
Bruneau et al. (2000) carried out extensive phylogenetic analyses of tribes Amherstieae and Detarieae. They concluded that they form a single monophyletic group. Therefore, they supported Polhill's (1995a, 1995b) decision to unite the two tribes.