Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae.
Phylogenetic Number: 1.4.72.
Tribe: Detarieae.
Group: Macrolobium.
Species Studied - Species in Genus: 24 studied; 60 in genus.
Fruit: A legume; unilocular; 2.8–23 cm long; 1.5–6.5 cm wide; 0.4–3 cm thick; length less than twice as long as width to 2–9 times longer than wide; with deciduous androecial sheath; with deciduous corolla; with deciduous calyx; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight to curved; not plicate; not twisted; symmetrical, or asymmetrical; nearly circular to oblong; with 1 straight and 1 curved suture; widest near middle or D-shaped, or widest near apex (oblong); not inflated; flattened to compressed; without beak; tapered at apex; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit to oblique with longitudinal axis of fruit; rounded at base; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit to right angled with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex and base uniform in texture; ligneous; seed chambers externally visible, or invisible; margin not constricted; margin without sulcus; margin plain, or embellished; margin with thickened sutural areas, or flange(s) (ventrally); wing(s) absent; stipitate to substipitate (swollen in M. angustifolium); with the stipe 6–20 mm long; with all layers dehiscing, or indehiscent; splitting along suture(s). Dehiscence of valves along both sutures; active; with valves breaking, or enrolling. Replum invisible. Epicarp dull; monochrome; tan to brown; with surface texture uniform; brown to reddish brown pubescent and indurate, or glabrate, or glabrous; with hairs erect; with simple hairs; eglandular; without spines; smooth, or not smooth; with elevated features; veined; reticulately veined; not tuberculate; not exfoliating; without cracks; without embedded tissue, much thicker than epicarp, running from base to apex. Mesocarp present; surface not veined; 2-layered; without balsamic vesicles; with fibers; without reniform canals; with fibers scattered reticulate embedded in mealy tissue over solid layer (or fibers embedded in spongy tissue); ligneous. Endocarp present; visible; dull; opaque; mottled; brown to reddish brown; with mottling over seed chambers; with dark brown overlay; smooth and scurfy (dark colored under seeds, lighter colored around seeds); without adhering pieces of testa; subseptate to nonseptate; not exfoliating; remaining fused to mesocarp and epicarp; entire. Seed(s) 1–8; length parallel with fruit length, or transverse to fruit length (parallel according to length but transverse according to embryonic axis); touching; in 1 series. Funiculus 0.1–4 mm long; of 1 length only; flattened to thick; straight. Aril absent.
Seed: 12- 13–65 mm long; 11–45 mm wide; 1–27 mm thick; not overgrown; not angular; symmetrical, or asymmetrical; ovate to oblong, or irregular; compressed to flattened; with surface smooth; without visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without hilar sinus; without umbo on seed faces; without medial ridge on each face. Cuticle not exfoliating; not inflated; not wrinkled. Testa present; without pieces of adhering epicarp; not adhering to endocarp; free from endocarp; glossy to dull; not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome; reddish to blackish brown to black; glabrous; smooth, or not smooth; with recessed features; obliquely striate (with large well defined interstices); coriaceous. Pleurogram absent. Pseudopleurogram absent. Fracture lines absent. Rim absent. Wing(s) absent. Raphe not visible. Hilum present; fully concealed; concealed by funicular remnant; without faboid split; larger than punctiform; 0.1–5 mm long; with curved outline; elliptic to circular; apical at apex of radicle tip; raised to flush; not within corona, halo, or rim. Lens not discernible. Endosperm absent. Cotyledons not smooth; rugose (intruding corrugate cotyledons of M. acaciaefolium); both outer faces convex; both the same thickness; both more or less of equal length; not folded; margin not entire 180 degrees from base of radicle (wavy); similar at apex; completely concealing radicle, or partially concealing radicle (only tip exposed); notched at radicle; with the interface division terminating at base of radicle; without margins recessed; inner face flat; glabrous on inner face. Embryonic axis straight; parallel to length of seed to perpendicular to length of seed, or oblique to length of seed (seldom); without a joint evident between the radicle and the cotyledons. Radicle differentiated from cotyledon; centered between cotyledons. Plumule rudimentary; glabrous.
Fruit and seed: M. colombianum (Britton & E.P. Killip) E.P. Killip - 4th row bottom fruit; M. gracile R. Spruce ex G. Bentham - 2nd row top seed in situ; M. limbatum R. Spruce ex G. Bentham - 3rd row top seed in situ; M. microcalyx W.A. Ducke - 2nd row bottom seeds in situ; M. montanum W.A. Ducke var. potaroanum R.S. Cowan - 3rd row bottom fruit; M. pendulum C.L. von Willdenow - 4th row top seed in situ; M. punctatum R. Spruce ex G. Bentham - 1st row seeds in situ.
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Seed, cotyledon, embryo, and testa: M. acaciifolium (G. Bentham) G. Bentham - bottom far left cotyledon surface with intruded testa removed; M. angustifolium (G. Bentham) R.S. Cowan - top left center cotyledon notched and concealing all but 1 margin of radicle (above) and embryonic axis (below) with stippled area depicting where cotyledons were attached to each other; M. bifolium (J.B.C.F. Aublet) C.H. Persoon - top far left cotyledons notched and concealing radicle (L) and embryonic axis (R), testa SEMs; M. sp. - left center seed.
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