Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae.
Phylogenetic Number: 1.4.48.
Tribe: Detarieae.
Group: Brownea.
Species Studied - Species in Genus: 11 studied; 14 in genus.
Fruit: A legume; unilocular; 6–80 cm long; 3.5–55 cm wide; 0.5–30 cm thick; 2–9 times longer than wide; with deciduous androecial sheath; with deciduous corolla; with deciduous calyx; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight to curved; not plicate; not twisted; symmetrical, or asymmetrical; oblong to dolabriform, or falcate; with both sutures parallelly curved, or 1 straight and 1 curved suture; widest near apex; not inflated; flattened; without beak; long tapered at apex to tapered at apex; not stated; tapered at base to rounded at base (nearly); not stated; with the apex and base uniform in texture; ligneous; seed chambers externally visible; margin not constricted; margin without sulcus; margin plain, or embellished; margin with ventrally thickened sutural areas (if not thickened, then winged), or wing(s); wing(s) present, or absent (when absent with ventral suture thickened); wing(s) 2; wing(s) 0.1–6 mm wide; wing(s) valvular; wing(s) on both valves (1 on each valve very close to the suture); stipitate, or substipitate; with the stipe 6–40 mm long; with all layers dehiscing; splitting along suture(s). Dehiscence of valves along both sutures; active; with valves elastically and separately enrolling. Replum invisible. Epicarp dull to glossy; monochrome; blackish brown to brown; with surface texture uniform; glabrous to pubescent and indurate (with reddish hairs); with hairs erect; with simple hairs; eglandular; without spines; not smooth; with elevated features; veined, or not veined; transversely veined relative to fruit length; not tuberculate; rugose; not exfoliating; without cracks; without embedded tissue, much thicker than epicarp, running from base to apex. Mesocarp present; surface not veined; 2-layered; without balsamic vesicles; without fibers; without reniform canals; with dark solid layer over solid layer (lighter); ligneous. Endocarp present; visible; dull; opaque; monochrome; reddish brown; without adhering pieces of testa; nonseptate; exfoliating, or not exfoliating (partially separating from mesocarp in some spp.); remaining fused to mesocarp and epicarp; entire. Seed(s) 1–2; length transverse to fruit length; neither overlapping nor touching; in 1 series. Funiculus 0.1–2 mm long; of 1 length only; thick; straight. Aril absent.
Seed: 25–65 mm long; 18–50 mm wide; 10–17 mm thick; not overgrown; not angular; symmetrical; ovate to circular, or oblong; compressed; with surface smooth; without visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without hilar sinus; without umbo on seed faces; without medial ridge on each face. Cuticle not exfoliating; not inflated; not wrinkled. Testa present; without pieces of adhering epicarp; not adhering to endocarp; free from endocarp; glossy to dull; not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome; reddish brown to brown; glabrous; not smooth; with elevated features, or recessed features; rugose to shagreen; striate to pitted with small separate pits; chartaceous. Pleurogram absent. Pseudopleurogram absent. Fracture lines absent. Rim absent. Wing(s) absent. Raphe visible (encircling seed). Hilum present; fully concealed; concealed by funicular remnant; without faboid split; larger than punctiform; 0.1–5 mm long; with curved outline; circular; apical at apex of radicle tip to subapical to radicle tip; raised to flush; not within corona, halo, or rim. Lens not discernible. Endosperm absent. Cotyledons not smooth; rugose (on outer surface); both outer faces convex; both the same thickness; both more or less of equal length; not folded; margin entire 180 degrees from base of radicle; similar at apex; completely concealing radicle; entire over radicle; with the interface division terminating at base of radicle; without margins recessed; inner face concave, or flat; glabrous on inner face. Embryonic axis straight; parallel to length of seed to oblique to length of seed, or perpendicular to length of seed; without a joint evident between the radicle and the cotyledons. Radicle differentiated from cotyledon; centered between cotyledons. Plumule rudimentary; glabrous.
Fruit and seed: E. falcata J.B.C.F. Aublet - top right enrolled valve; E. glabra R.S. Cowan - bottom right fruit; E. glabriflora (W.A. Ducke) R.S. Cowan - top left center seed in situ; E. purpurea G. Bentham - bottom left fruit; E. schomburgkiana G. Bentham - top far left cotyledons with partial testa, right center concave cotyledon interface.
|
Seed, cotyledon, embryo, and testa: E. duckeana R.S. Cowan - top left center cotyledon entire and concealing radicle (L) and embryonic axis (R); E. falcata J.B.C.F. Aublet - bottom far left cotyledons split and concealing radicle (L) and embryonic axis (R); E. glabriflora (W.A. Ducke) R.S. Cowan - testa SEMs; E. jenmanii D. Oliver - top far left cotyledons split and concealing radicle (above) and embryonic axis (below), bottom left center seed; E. purpurea G. Bentham - left center cotyledons with partial testa.
|