Glossary

A

aciculate: sketched lines which appear to have been scratched with a fine needle

acuminate: tapering gradually to a sharp point

alternate: occurring at a determined succession at a specific place

anterior face of club: the side visible when the club is elevated against the head or not visible when club is down and sensing a surface; it usually contains sutures and setae

apical: situated at the apex or extreme outer edge of a structure or appendage

armed: having a sclerotized surface structure, giving a rough texture; may serve as defense

aseptate: not divided, or containing septa or partitions

asperate: of a surface or texture which is rough

asperities: pertaining to surface roughenings or dot-like elevations that are not pointed

asymmetrical: not identical on both sides of a central line

B

basal: situated at the base or inner edge and proximal to the main body

base: part of any appendage that is nearest the body

bisinuate: displaying two sinuations

bisulcate: a structure that is grooved in two places, often contiguous at both sides of a central line

bituberculate: having two tubercles or pointed sclerotized structures

bristle-like setae: setae that appear stiff, based on an impression conveyed by size and shape

C

capitate: an elongate structure with a terminal knob-like or head-like enlargement

carina: a ridge or elevation of the cuticle

chitinized: an integument hardened by chitin, the primary substance which hardens the exoskeleton of insects; a hardened area of the exoskeleton

circumtropical: distributed throughout the tropics

club: the apical segment of the insect antennae that is enlarged or thickened such that it is anatomically differentiated from the preceding segments

constricted: contracted or compressed at places along the length of a structure

contiguous: sharing an edge or boundary; touching

convergently: structures coming together at an extreme or apex

coxae: the basal or proximal segment of the insect leg to its body

crenulations: structures on the surface of the integument an having irregular, wavy, or serrate outline

D

declivital margin: the point where the declivity starts descending from the top or sides of the elytra; also the apical extreme of the elytra

declivity: the apical portion of the beetle elytra that slopes downward

dentate: a structure or surface that has tooth-like prominences; in Scolytinae they are smaller than tubercles

depressed: a structure that is flattened or impressed

dimorphic: a structure that occurs in two different forms, such as color, shape, or size

dimorphism: a genetically controlled condition in which individuals of a species are characterized by distinct patterns of color, size, or shape

disc: the central upper surface of any anatomical structure or body part

distal: near the free end of an appendage; away from the body

E

elytra: the two external and hardened or sclerotized forewings of adult Coleoptera, often appearing leather-like in texture

elytral suture: the longitudinal junction line between each elytron of adult Coleoptera

emarginate: notched or indented

epistoma: the sclerotized region between the lower frontal area and the mouth parts

epistomal: pertaining to the epistoma

excavated: a pit, groove, or depression of the integument; a concave area on a surface

F

fossa: a significant depression on the body surface

frons: the upper anterior portion of the head capsule

funicle: the antennal segments located between the scape and the club in some Coleoptera

G

granules: a small grain-like elevation

grooved: having a long, narrow furrow or channel

H

hair-like setae: setae that are thin and similar to a hair

holarctic realm: a faunal region comprising Europe, North Africa, Asia north of the Himalaya Mountains, and North America down to Mexico

horn: a conspicuous, pointed process on the head

I

interstriae: longitudinally arranged lines, often flat or raised, often having setae, and located between the striae on the elytron

M

marginal: pertaining to the more or less narrow part of a surface within the edge

metepisternum: the sclerite between the first and second lateral thoracic sutures

monospecific: a genus that only contains one known species

N

neotropical region: the zoogeographical area encompassing South America, Central America, and the West Indies

O

obliquely truncate: pertaining to a structure abruptly and concavely cut

obovate: inversely egg shaped (ovate), with the narrow end basal

obsolete: pertaining to a structure which is indistinct, not well developed, or almost absent

ornamented: having markings or structures on the esclerotized regions of the integument, such as setae, tubercles, or granules

ovate: egg shaped, with the narrow end apically

P

pantropical: pertains to organism occurring in the tropical regions of all continents

posterior face: the side not visible when the club is elevated against the head or visible when the club is down and sensing a surface; it usually has no sutures

pregula: a ventral sclerite immediately posterior to the mouth parts, impressed in the subtribe Xyleborina

pregular region: a ventral region immediately posterior to the mouth parts, impressed in the subtribe Xyleborina

procoxae: extra segment occasionally preceding coxa (hip joint) of the first or anterior pair of legs of arthropods

procurved: pertaining to structure (antennae, setae) which is basally perpendicular to the body and whose apical part is curved anteriorly

prominent: raised, elevated, or produced beyond the horizontal plane of a structure

pronotum: the upper or dorsal surface of the first thoracic segment

prothoracic intercoxal piece: a ventral, often triangular, sclerite of the prothorax that extends posteriorly between the anterior coxae

prothoracic precoxal ridge: an elevated, sclerotized ridge extending from the anterior coxae ventrally towards the head

pseudolamellate: an antennal club composed of opposing leaf-like surfaces which are only partially separated

pubescent: covered with closely set setae

punctures: a small impression on the hard outer parts of the insect body like those made by a needle

Q

quadrate: square or nearly so

R

recumbent: applied to setae which lay in the surface of the body

recurved: bent backward or downward as a smiley face

rhomboid: in the shape of a rhombus

rugulose: minutely rugose or wrinkled

S

scale-like setae: setae that are wider than hair

scape: the first and basal segment of the insect's antennae

sculpture: markings or patterns of impression or elevation on the body's surface

scutellum: a shield-like bony plate or scale, as on the thorax of some insects

septate: having a septum or septa

septum: a wall, partition, or internal projection within a cavity or hollow organ

serrations: a series or set of saw-like teeth or notches

setae: a hollow, often slender and hair-like cuticular projection

sinuate: descriptive of a narrow and winding thin structure or margin of a feature

sparse: scattered, spread irregularly and some distance apart

spatulate: shaped like a spatual, typically broad at the apex and tapered at the base

spine: a stiff, pointed, tapered process on the surface of the integument, usually long

striae: longitudinally arranged lines often impressed or marked by punctures that are located between the interstriae on the Coleopteran elytron

strigose: marked with fine, close-set grooves, ridges, or streaks

subacutely: moderately acutely shaped

subcircular: almost circular in shape

subcontiguous: pertaining to adjacent structures, margins, or surfaces that are in contact but are not united or fused

subtriangular: nearly or almost triangular in shape

subtropical: descriptive of distribution or occurrence above or below the tropics

sulcate: having narrow, deep furrows or grooves

summit: the highest point or part; the top

sutural: pertaining to a suture such as the elytral suture or midline between the two wings

sutural notch: a notch at the meeting point of the elytral suture

sutures: a seam or seam-like line of contact between two sclerites or hardened body parts immovably connected

symmetrical: identical on both sides of a central line

T

tarsomere: any of the subsegments of the tarsus in the insect's foot

tibia: the fourth division of an insect's leg, between the femur and the tarsus

tubercles: stiff, pointed, tapered processes on the surface of the integument, usually shorter than a spine

U

unarmed: having no granules, teeth, tubercles, spines, or other protective structures

V

vestiture: a surface covering of scales or setae on the body, wing, or other appendage