Xylosandrus

Type species

Xyleborus morigerus Blandford

Adapted from Wood 1982, p. 764-770

Diagnosis

Xylosandrus can be distinguished from Xyleborus Eichhoff by the widely separated procoxaeprocoxae:
extra segment occasionally preceding coxa (hip joint) of the first or anterior pair of legs of arthropods
and by the stout body with the broadly convex and unarmedunarmed:
having no granules, teeth, tubercles, spines, or other protective structures
declivitydeclivity:
the apical portion of the beetle elytra that slopes downward
which starts before the middle. The elytraelytra:
the two external and hardened or sclerotized forewings of adult Coleoptera, often appearing leather-like in texture
are only slightly longer than the pronotumpronotum:
the upper or dorsal surface of the first thoracic segment
. They lack the granulesgranules:
a small grain-like elevation
in the declivitydeclivity:
the apical portion of the beetle elytra that slopes downward
of Euwallacea Hopkins.

Description

Species in this genus range from 1.0 to 1.8 mm in length and are approximately 1.0 to 2.3 times as long as wide. Their color ranges from light brown to black. The pronotumpronotum:
the upper or dorsal surface of the first thoracic segment
is slightly wider than long, and the anterior margin is armedarmed:
having a sclerotized surface structure, giving a rough texture; may serve as defense
. The scutellumscutellum:
a shield-like bony plate or scale, as on the thorax of some insects
is large and flushed with the elytraelytra:
the two external and hardened or sclerotized forewings of adult Coleoptera, often appearing leather-like in texture
. The declivitydeclivity:
the apical portion of the beetle elytra that slopes downward
is broad and convex, it starts at approximately the middle, and is unarmedunarmed:
having no granules, teeth, tubercles, spines, or other protective structures
; the ventrolateral margin is raised in a line from the apex to interstriaeinterstriae:
longitudinally arranged lines, often flat or raised, often having setae, and located between the striae on the elytron
seven. The vestiturevestiture:
a surface covering of scales or setae on the body, wing, or other appendage
consists of erect and long hair-like setaehair-like setae:
setae that are thin and similar to a hair
. The anterior margin of the compound eye is emarginateemarginate:
notched or indented
. The scapescape:
the first and basal segment of the insect's antennae
is longer than the 5-segmented funiclefunicle:
the antennal segments located between the scape and the club in some Coleoptera
. The clubclub:
the apical segment of the insect antennae that is enlarged or thickened such that it is anatomically differentiated from the preceding segments
is obliquely truncateobliquely truncate:
pertaining to a structure abruptly and concavely cut
with the basalbasal:
situated at the base or inner edge and proximal to the main body
area recurvedrecurved:
bent backward or downward as a smiley face
, and two suturessutures:
a seam or seam-like line of contact between two sclerites or hardened body parts immovably connected
are evident anteriorly. The procoxaeprocoxae:
extra segment occasionally preceding coxa (hip joint) of the first or anterior pair of legs of arthropods
are widely separated.

Distribution

Usually Pantropicalpantropical:
pertains to organism occurring in the tropical regions of all continents
, but also in subtropicalsubtropical:
descriptive of distribution or occurrence above or below the tropics
and some template areas of the world. The native species occurs in California, the introduced are present in the Southeast, and X. germanus is widespread in the US.

World fauna

Number of species: 54, Native species: 1, Introduced species: 3

Established exotic species

Xylosandrus compactus is present in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas.

Xylosandrus crassiusculus is present in Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, Arkansas, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Colorado, and Oregon.

Xylosandrus germanus is present in Massachusetts, Connecticult, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, and Oregon.

Hosts

Acer, Ardesia, Calliandra, Carya, Cornus, Cupania, Fagus, Ficus, Fraxinus, Juglans, Myrica, Liriodendron, Phoradendron, Pinus, Prunus, Pyrus, Quercus, Serjania, Ulmus, Vitis