Xyleborus

Type species

Bostrichus monographus Fabricius

Adapted from Wood 1982, p. 776-846

Diagnosis

Xyleborus have an obliquely truncateobliquely truncate:
pertaining to a structure abruptly and concavely cut
clubclub:
the apical segment of the insect antennae that is enlarged or thickened such that it is anatomically differentiated from the preceding segments
with only one suture visible on the posterior faceposterior face:
the side not visible when the club is elevated against the head or visible when the club is down and sensing a surface; it usually has no sutures
. The procoxaeprocoxae:
extra segment occasionally preceding coxa (hip joint) of the first or anterior pair of legs of arthropods
are contiguouscontiguous:
sharing an edge or boundary; touching
, and the scutellumscutellum:
a shield-like bony plate or scale, as on the thorax of some insects
is large and flushed with the elytraelytra:
the two external and hardened or sclerotized forewings of adult Coleoptera, often appearing leather-like in texture
. This is a large and somewhat artificial genus that will eventually get divided into several others.

Description

Species in this genus range from 1.6 to 5.9 mm in length and are approximately 1.9 to 3.4 times as long as wide. Sexual dimorphismdimorphism:
a genetically controlled condition in which individuals of a species are characterized by distinct patterns of color, size, or shape
is extreme with rare and flightless males. Their color varies from yellowish brown to black. The pronotumpronotum:
the upper or dorsal surface of the first thoracic segment
proportion is variable, but is more frequently longer than wide. The scutellumscutellum:
a shield-like bony plate or scale, as on the thorax of some insects
is large and flush with the surface of elytraelytra:
the two external and hardened or sclerotized forewings of adult Coleoptera, often appearing leather-like in texture
. The declivitydeclivity:
the apical portion of the beetle elytra that slopes downward
is convex to concave and unarmedunarmed:
having no granules, teeth, tubercles, spines, or other protective structures
to bearing granulesgranules:
a small grain-like elevation
or spines. The anterior margin of the compound eye is emarginateemarginate:
notched or indented
. The scapescape:
the first and basal segment of the insect's antennae
length in proportion to the funiclefunicle:
the antennal segments located between the scape and the club in some Coleoptera
is variable and the funiclefunicle:
the antennal segments located between the scape and the club in some Coleoptera
is 5-segmented. The clubclub:
the apical segment of the insect antennae that is enlarged or thickened such that it is anatomically differentiated from the preceding segments
is obliquely truncateobliquely truncate:
pertaining to a structure abruptly and concavely cut
, with only one recurvedrecurved:
bent backward or downward as a smiley face
suture on its posterior faceposterior face:
the side not visible when the club is elevated against the head or visible when the club is down and sensing a surface; it usually has no sutures
. They have a depresseddepressed:
a structure that is flattened or impressed
pregular region. The anterior coxaecoxae:
the basal or proximal segment of the insect leg to its body
are contiguouscontiguous:
sharing an edge or boundary; touching
to subcontiguoussubcontiguous:
pertaining to adjacent structures, margins, or surfaces that are in contact but are not united or fused
.

Distribution

Worldwide

World fauna

Number of species: 564, Native species: 9, Introduced species: 7

Established exotic species

Xyleborus atratus is present in Ohio, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Missouri, and Kansas.

Xyleborus californicus is present in Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Tennessee, Arkansas, Kansas, Washington, Oregon, and California.

Xyleborus glabratus is present in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida.

Xyleborus pelliculosus is present in Maine, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama.

Xyleborus pfeili is present in New Jersey, Maryland, Georgia, and Oregon.

Xyleborus seriatus is present in Maine and Massachusetts.

Xyleborus similis is present in Louisiana and Texas.

Hosts

Alexa, Acer, Anacardium, Astronium, Betula, Bishofia, Bombacopsis, Brosimum, Brownia, Bursera, Carya, Castanea, Cecropia, Cespedesia, Cedrella, Citrus, Clethra, Coffea, Conostegia, Cornus, Cordia, Corylus, Crotalaria, Couma, Dacryodes, Dendropanax, Diphysia, Eschweilera, Enterolobium, Erythrina, Eugenia, Fagara, Fagus, Ficus, Fissicalyx, Guazuma, Hevea, Ichthyomethia, Inga, Jacaranda, Juglans, Kalmia, Lecythia, Licania, Lonchocarpus, Lindera, Margifera, Melicoccora, Melicoccous, Miconia, Myrica, Nyssa, Ochroma, Persea, Phoebe, Pinus, Pithacellobium, Pleiogynum, Populus, Pouteria, Prunus, Psidium, Protium, Pyrus, Quercus, Rhus, Sassafras, Salix, Sacoglothia, Schizolobium, Sloanea, Spondias, Swietenia, Taxodium, Terminalia, Theobroma, Toulicia, Trichilia, Virola, Vismia, Vitis