Polygraphus

Type species

Hylesinus pubescens Fabricius

Adapted from Wood 1982, p. 386-391

Diagnosis

Polygraphus can be distinguished from Carphoborus Eichhoff by the completely divided eye and a clubclub:
the apical segment of the insect antennae that is enlarged or thickened such that it is anatomically differentiated from the preceding segments
without suturessutures:
a seam or seam-like line of contact between two sclerites or hardened body parts immovably connected
.

Description

Species in this genus range from 1.8 to 3.1 mm and are approximately 2.0 to 2.4 times as long as wide. The color is black. The pronotumpronotum:
the upper or dorsal surface of the first thoracic segment
is wider than long and unarmedunarmed:
having no granules, teeth, tubercles, spines, or other protective structures
. The scutellumscutellum:
a shield-like bony plate or scale, as on the thorax of some insects
is not visible. The declivitydeclivity:
the apical portion of the beetle elytra that slopes downward
is convex, bearing granulesgranules:
a small grain-like elevation
. The vestiturevestiture:
a surface covering of scales or setae on the body, wing, or other appendage
consists of abundant, short and light colored scales. The eye is divided in two parts. The scapescape:
the first and basal segment of the insect's antennae
is usually longer than the 5- to 6-segmented funiclefunicle:
the antennal segments located between the scape and the club in some Coleoptera
. The ovateovate:
egg shaped, with the narrow end apically
clubclub:
the apical segment of the insect antennae that is enlarged or thickened such that it is anatomically differentiated from the preceding segments
is flat and without suturessutures:
a seam or seam-like line of contact between two sclerites or hardened body parts immovably connected
, finely pubescentpubescent:
covered with closely set setae
, and often ending in a pointed tip. The procoxaeprocoxae:
extra segment occasionally preceding coxa (hip joint) of the first or anterior pair of legs of arthropods
are contiguouscontiguous:
sharing an edge or boundary; touching
.

Distribution

Alaska, Canada, and the northern and mountainous parts of the United States where spruce forests grow; Europe, Asia, and Africa

World fauna

Number of species: 96, Native species: 3, Introduced species: 0

Hosts

Abies, Picea, Pinus

  Polygraphus rufipennis  (four-eyed spruce bark beetle), dorsal view

Polygraphus rufipennis (four-eyed spruce bark beetle), dorsal view

  Polygraphus rufipennis  (four-eyed spruce bark beetle), lateral view

Polygraphus rufipennis (four-eyed spruce bark beetle), lateral view

  Polygraphus rufipennis  (four-eyed spruce bark beetle), posterior view (declivity)

Polygraphus rufipennis (four-eyed spruce bark beetle), posterior view (declivity)

  Polygraphus rufipennis  (four-eyed spruce bark beetle), anterior view

Polygraphus rufipennis (four-eyed spruce bark beetle), anterior view

  Polygraphus rufipennis  (four-eyed spruce bark beetle), club

Polygraphus rufipennis (four-eyed spruce bark beetle), club