Cactopinus

Type species

Cactopinus hubbardi Schwarz

Adapted from Wood 1982, p. 637-648

Diagnosis

This genus is easily distinguished by the pair of epistomalepistomal:
pertaining to the epistoma
male horns and the distinctive pronotal and elytral elevated sculpturesculpture:
markings or patterns of impression or elevation on the body's surface
which is unique in the Scolytini. These are extremely rare species occurring in arid areas in southwestern United States.

Description

Species in this genus range from 1.2 to 2.3 mm in length and are approximately 2.0 to 2.6 times as long as wide. Their color varies from dark brown to black. The pronotumpronotum:
the upper or dorsal surface of the first thoracic segment
has the summitsummit:
the highest point or part; the top
behind the middle and is anteriorly armedarmed:
having a sclerotized surface structure, giving a rough texture; may serve as defense
by asperitiesasperities:
pertaining to surface roughenings or dot-like elevations that are not pointed
. The scutellumscutellum:
a shield-like bony plate or scale, as on the thorax of some insects
is small and depresseddepressed:
a structure that is flattened or impressed
. The declivitydeclivity:
the apical portion of the beetle elytra that slopes downward
is usually bisulcatebisulcate:
a structure that is grooved in two places, often contiguous at both sides of a central line
. The vestiturevestiture:
a surface covering of scales or setae on the body, wing, or other appendage
consists of hair-like setaehair-like setae:
setae that are thin and similar to a hair
. Their fronsfrons:
the upper anterior portion of the head capsule
is sexually dimorphicdimorphic:
a structure that occurs in two different forms, such as color, shape, or size
; female fronsfrons:
the upper anterior portion of the head capsule
is unarmedunarmed:
having no granules, teeth, tubercles, spines, or other protective structures
, convex to slightly concave, with a sparsesparse:
scattered, spread irregularly and some distance apart
vestiture and an epistomalepistomal:
pertaining to the epistoma
brush. The anterior margin of the compound eye is entire to sinuatesinuate:
descriptive of a narrow and winding thin structure or margin of a feature
. The scapescape:
the first and basal segment of the insect's antennae
has long setaesetae:
a hollow, often slender and hair-like cuticular projection
and the funiclefunicle:
the antennal segments located between the scape and the club in some Coleoptera
is 5-segmented. The clubclub:
the apical segment of the insect antennae that is enlarged or thickened such that it is anatomically differentiated from the preceding segments
is usually oval but is circular in a few species and is densily covered by recumbentrecumbent:
applied to setae which lay in the surface of the body
, short setaesetae:
a hollow, often slender and hair-like cuticular projection
; it has two straight to procurvedprocurved:
pertaining to structure (antennae, setae) which is basally perpendicular to the body and whose apical part is curved anteriorly
sutures. The procoxaeprocoxae:
extra segment occasionally preceding coxa (hip joint) of the first or anterior pair of legs of arthropods
are contiguouscontiguous:
sharing an edge or boundary; touching
.

Distribution

Southwestern U.S. to Oaxaca, Mexico

World fauna

Number of species: 18, Native species: 5, Introduced species: 0

Hosts

Bursera, Carnegiea, Pachycereus, Pinus, Rhus, Yucca