Type

Exotic

Native

Overview

The tribe Cochylini contains approximately 1,670 described species. It includes the former tribe Euliini as subtribe Euliina, which remains paraphyletic (Regier et al. 2012Regier et al. 2012:
Regier J. C., Brown, J. W., Mitter, C., Baixeras, J., Cho, S., Cummings, P., Zwick, A. 2012. A molecular phylogeny for the leaf-roller moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and its implications for classification and life history evolution. PLoS ONE. 7(4): e35574., Fagua et al. 2017Fagua et al. 2017:
Fagua G., Condamine, F. L., Horak, M., Zwick, A., Sperling, F. A. 2017. Diversification shifts in leafroller moths linked to continental colonization and the rise of angiosperms. Cladistics. 33: 449-466. , Brown et al. 2020). Cochylini occur in all faunal regions, but the greatest diversity is found in the Holarctic and Neotropical regions. The group is defined by wing venation, wing pattern, and to a lesser extent, genitalic characters. The wing pattern of many species is similar, with yellow or white ground color and one or two distinct, reddish brown fasciaefascia:
a dark transverse band on the forewing
. Often the median fasciafascia:
a dark transverse band on the forewing
only extends partway from dorsumdorsum:
the lower (usually posterior) or inner margin
to costacosta:
the anterior margin of each wing
, creating the appearance of a dorsaldorsal:
upper, to the top, on the back
patch. Male genitalia are characterized by triangular or rectangular valvaevalva:
an appendage flanking the intromittent organ that is used to clasp the female during copulation
and a very large aedeagusaedeagus:
the male intromittent organ (penis); see "phallus"
. Female genitalia are characterized by a short, broad, ductus bursaeductus bursae:
a membranous tube connecting the ostium bursae to the corpus bursae
, and a corpus bursaecorpus bursae:
a dilated membranous sac at the anterior end of the bursa copulatrix
with numerous wrinkles, sclerotizations, or spines. Larvae are diverse, and include leaf rollers, internal feeders in roots, stalks, seeds, and a few species that appear to specialize on leaf litter (e.g., Anopina).

Larval morphology for the group is unusual in that larvae share the following character states with those of Grapholitini (Olethreutinae): D1 and SD1 are on the same pinaculumpinaculum:
flattened sclerotized plates on a caterpillar that bear the setae
on A9, and the L pinaculumpinaculum:
flattened sclerotized plates on a caterpillar that bear the setae
on T1 is enlarged and extends beneath the spiracle. In some species (e.g., E. ambiguella), the L-group does not extend past (posteriorposterior:
after, to the rear, toward anal end
to) the spiracle as it does in many of the olethreutines with a similar state (Cryptophlebia, some Cydia, Ecdytolopha, Gymnandrosoma, and Thaumatotibia). Other larval characters include an anal combanal comb:
a toothed structure on the last abdominal segment used to eject frass away from the feeding larva; also termed "anal fork"
with 2-10 teeth and the L pinaculumpinaculum:
flattened sclerotized plates on a caterpillar that bear the setae
on A9 bisetose.

Cochylini larvae are commonly intercepted at U.S. ports of entry on products arriving from Central America. One commonly recorded host is monkeypod (Pithecellobium dulce) from Mexico. The group contains a number of economically important species. In much of the economic literature it is still treated as a distinct family or subfamily (Cochylidae or Cochylinae), although it is currently considered a tribe within the Tortricinae. Brown (2006)Brown (2006):
Brown, J. W. 2006. Scientific names of pest species in Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) frequently cited erroneously in the entomological literature. American Entomologist. 52: 182-189. outlines the history of placement of this group. Eleven taxa are treated here.

Exotic species

 Bonagota salubricola

Eupoecilia ambiguella

Proeulia spp.

Native species

Aethes spp.

Anopina triangulana

Cochylichroa hospes

Eulia ministrana

Henricus umbrasana

Lorita scarificata

Phtheochroa spp.

Rudenia leguminana

Host plant table (embedded)

View full screen host table here

References

Brown, J. W. 2006. Scientific names of pest species in Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) frequently cited erroneously in the entomological literature. American Entomologist. 52: 182-189.

Horak, M. and R. L. Brown. 1991. Taxonomy and phylogeny, pp. 23-50. In: L. P. S. van der Geest, H. H. Evenhuis (eds.), Tortricid Pests: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Razowski, J. 2009. Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) of the Palaearctic Region, Vol. 2, Cochylini. Frantisek Slamka, Slovakia. 195 pp.

Links

Additional photos and distribution maps for species in the United States and Canada are available at Moth Photographers Group.