Exotic
Exotic, but established
Native
The Cnephasiini contains approximately 250 species that are distributed primarily in the Holarctic region. Forewing pattern varies within the tribe, but many North American representatives are yellow, gray, or white. Male genitalia are characterized by an uncusuncus:
a sclerotized process which is fused to the posterodorsal margin of tergum IX
covered in small spines. Female genitalia are characterized by papillae analespapillae anales:
the female ovipositor lobes 
that are modified to cover eggs with debris, and a band-shaped, poorly-defined signumsignum:
a sclerotized projection or patch on the interior of the corpus bursae
. Synapomorphies for the group include the floricomous papillae analespapillae anales:
the female ovipositor lobes (i.e., with nail-head-like setae), the finely spined uncusuncus:
a sclerotized process which is fused to the posterodorsal margin of tergum IX, the absence of cornuticornutus:
spines used to anchor the male vesica in the female bursa during copulation
, and pheromones based on 12-carbon chains (Roelofs & Brown 1982, Safonkin 2007Safonkin 2007:
Safonkin, A. F. 2007. Pheromones and phylogenetic relations of leafrollers (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal. 86(12): 1464-1467. [Entomological Review 87(9): 1238-1241]). The shape of the signumsignum:
a sclerotized projection or patch on the interior of the corpus bursae is extremely similar to that of Tortricini, and the floricomous ovipositor characteristic of Cnephasiini is present in a few putatively primitive Tortricini.
This is the only tribe in the Tortricinae in which most of its members have a 12-carbon sex pheromone, a condition usually found in the Olethreutinae. North American representatives of the genus include Cnephasia, Decodes, and Eana. Cnephasia is a Palearctic genus with three members introduced into North America: C. asseclana, C. stephensiana, and C. longana. Cnephasia longana is a pest of cereal crops in Europe and has been reported as a pest of strawberries in the Pacific Northwest. Decodes contains 18 species, many of which are present in the American Southwest and northern Mexico. Decodes basiplagana and D. fragariana are oak feeders; the former is present in the East while the latter is present in the West. Eana is a small genus with members in the Palearctic and Nearctic. Most species have unmarked, white forewings; however, none are treated here.
Cnephasiini larvae are occasionally intercepted at U.S. ports of entry from Europe. It is assumed that a majority of these are Cnephasia, but a genus-level identification is rarely made. Five species are treated here.
Exotic species
Exotic, but established species
Cnephasia longana
Cnephasia stephensiana
Native species
Decodes basiplagana
View full screen host table here
Additional photos and distribution maps for species in the United States and Canada are available at Moth Photographers Group.
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