Type

Exotic

Taxonomy

Sparganothis pilleriana (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Tortricidae: Tortricinae: Sparganothini)

Common names: long-nosed twist, grapevine leafroller, grape leaf-roller, vine tortrix

Synonyms: danticana (Pyralis), luteolana (Tortrix), obscurana (Oenophthira pilleriana ab.), pillerana (Pyralis), uniformata (Sparganothis pilleriana form), vitana (Pyralis), vitis (Pyralis)

Adult Recognition

FWL: 8.5-11.0 mm

Head, thorax golden brown. Labial palpilabial palpi:
a pair of sensory appendages that project from the lower part of the head; usually covered in scales and three-segmented
long, porrectporrect:
extending forward horizontally
. Forewing with ground color yellow to golden brown with three brown fasciaefasciae:
plural of "fascia"
crossing the wing: one from one thirds costacosta:
the anterior margin of each wing
length to midpoint of inner margininner margin:
see dorsum
, the second from two thirds costacosta:
the anterior margin of each wing
length to just below the tornustornus:
the junction of the termen and dorsum of the wing
, and the third bordering the termentermen:
the outer edge of the forewing
; a basal fasciabasal fascia:
the fascia (transverse band) at the base of the forewing
may or may not be completely developed; fringe concolorous with ground color. Hindwing brown; fringe yellow to golden brown.

Male genitalia are characterized by a long, slender uncusuncus:
a sclerotized process which is fused to the posterodorsal margin of tergum IX
; narrow, elongate, well-developed sociisocii:
a pair of lightly sclerotized setose lobes
; mesally spined transtilla; and broad, trapezoidal valvaevalvae:
plural of "valva"
with a short spine near the base of the sacculussacculus:
the ventral margin of the male valva
. Female genitalia are characterized by a broad, quadrate sterigmasterigma:
the sclerotized region surrounding the female ostium bursae
; globose ostiumostium:
see ostium bursae
; and signumsignum:
a sclerotized projection or patch on the interior of the corpus bursae
present in the corpus bursaecorpus bursae:
a dilated membranous sac at the anterior end of the bursa copulatrix
as a short, wrinkled band.

Larval Morphology

The following account is summarized from Frolov (2008)Frolov (2008):
Frolov, A. N. 2008. Sparganothis pilleriana Den. et Schiff. In : Afonin, A. N., Greene, S. L., Dzyubenko, N. I., Frolov, A. N. (eds.). 2008. Interactive Agricultural Ecological Atlas of Russia and Neighboring Countries. Economic Plants and their Diseases, Pests and Weeds. http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/content/pests/Sparganothis_pilleriana/index.html [accessed 22 October 2020].

The mature larva is 18-30 mm in length; body greenish-gray or dirty-green in color with head and prothoracic dark brown.

Pupae are 9-18 mm long, at first green, then becoming glossy brown with age.

Similar Species

Sparganothis pilleriana is very similar to several other species of Sparganothis, especially S. senecionana. Dissection of the genitalia may be required to positively identify S. pilleriana.

Biology

The following account is summarized from Frolov (2008)Frolov (2008):
Frolov, A. N. 2008. Sparganothis pilleriana Den. et Schiff. In : Afonin, A. N., Greene, S. L., Dzyubenko, N. I., Frolov, A. N. (eds.). 2008. Interactive Agricultural Ecological Atlas of Russia and Neighboring Countries. Economic Plants and their Diseases, Pests and Weeds. http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/content/pests/Sparganothis_pilleriana/index.html [accessed 22 October 2020].

Typically, there is a single generation per year in Europe, but in warmer areas a second generation can occur. Eggs are flat, oval, and laid in clusters of up to 175, covered with a protective excretion from the female on the upper surface of host plant leaves. Eggs hatch in 9-20 days, depending on temperature. First instar larvae typically do not eat after hatching and instead overwinter in dense cocoons in bark crevices or in soil to a depth of 10 cm. Feeding begins in the spring (usually between late March and early May), with larvae initially attacking buds, then moving on to skeletonize leaves by spinning two neighbor leaflets and eating parenchyma. Larvae take 30-50 days to reach pupation and will spin more pairs of leaves together if necessary to complete growth. Adults eclose 10-15 days later. Adult life span averages about three weeks and average fecundity is about 200-250 eggs (maximum 450).

Though best known as a pest of grape (Vitis spp.), S. pilleriana is known to feed on over 100 species of plants in 30+ families. The following table is not a complete list.

Host plant	Host plant family	Reference(s)
Centaurea sp.	Asteraceae	Bradley et al. 1973
Humulus lupulus	Cannabaceae	Bradley et al. 1973Bradley et al. 1973: Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G., Smith, A. 1973. British Tortricoid Moths, Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London. 251 pp.
Pteridium aquilinum	Dennstaedtiaceae	Yasuda 1975Yasuda 1975: Yasuda, T. 1975. The Tortricinae and Sparganothinae of Japan (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Part II. Bulletin of the University of Osaka Prefecture, Series B. 27: 79-251.
Lespedeza thunbergii	Fabaceae	Yasuda 1975Yasuda 1975: Yasuda, T. 1975. The Tortricinae and Sparganothinae of Japan (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Part II. Bulletin of the University of Osaka Prefecture, Series B. 27: 79-251.
Wisteria brachybotrys	Fabaceae	Yasuda 1975Yasuda 1975: Yasuda, T. 1975. The Tortricinae and Sparganothinae of Japan (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Part II. Bulletin of the University of Osaka Prefecture, Series B. 27: 79-251.
Iris pseudacorus	Iridaceae	Bradley et al. 1973Bradley et al. 1973: Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G., Smith, A. 1973. British Tortricoid Moths, Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London. 251 pp.
Origanum vulgare	Lamiaceae	Bradley et al. 1973Bradley et al. 1973: Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G., Smith, A. 1973. British Tortricoid Moths, Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London. 251 pp.
Stachys sp.	Lamiaceae	Meyrick MS 1938Meyrick MS 1938: Meyrick MS 1938. Unpublished manuscript by E. Meyrick at BMNH, data captured by Gaeden Robinson.; Bradley et al. 1973Bradley et al. 1973: Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G., Smith, A. 1973. British Tortricoid Moths, Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London. 251 pp.
Disporum smilacinum	Liliaceae	Yasuda 1975Yasuda 1975: Yasuda, T. 1975. The Tortricinae and Sparganothinae of Japan (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Part II. Bulletin of the University of Osaka Prefecture, Series B. 27: 79-251.
Narthecium ossifragum	Nartheciaceae	Bradley et al. 1973Bradley et al. 1973: Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G., Smith, A. 1973. British Tortricoid Moths, Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London. 251 pp.
Abies sp.	Pinaceae	Suzuki & Komai 1984
Larix sp.	Pinaceae	Suzuki & Komai 1984
Picea sp.	Pinaceae	Suzuki & Komai 1984
Pinus halepensis	Pinaceae	Bradley et al. 1973Bradley et al. 1973: Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G., Smith, A. 1973. British Tortricoid Moths, Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London. 251 pp.
Pinus pinea	Pinaceae	Bradley et al. 1973Bradley et al. 1973: Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G., Smith, A. 1973. British Tortricoid Moths, Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London. 251 pp.
Plantago sp.	Plantaginaceae	Bradley et al. 1973Bradley et al. 1973: Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G., Smith, A. 1973. British Tortricoid Moths, Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London. 251 pp.
Limoniumn vulgare	Plumbaginaceae	Bradley et al. 1973Bradley et al. 1973: Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G., Smith, A. 1973. British Tortricoid Moths, Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London. 251 pp.
Clematis vitalba	Ranunculaceae	Bradley et al. 1973Bradley et al. 1973: Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G., Smith, A. 1973. British Tortricoid Moths, Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London. 251 pp.
Malus pumila	Rosaceae	Yasuda 1975Yasuda 1975: Yasuda, T. 1975. The Tortricinae and Sparganothinae of Japan (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Part II. Bulletin of the University of Osaka Prefecture, Series B. 27: 79-251.
Pyrus sp.	Rosaceae

Host plant table (embedded)

View full screen host table here

Distribution

Sparganothis pilleriana is found across the Palearctic region, from southern Great Britain, Spain and Germany east to Asia Minor, Russia, China, and Japan. Frolov (2008)Frolov (2008):
Frolov, A. N. 2008. Sparganothis pilleriana Den. et Schiff. In : Afonin, A. N., Greene, S. L., Dzyubenko, N. I., Frolov, A. N. (eds.). 2008. Interactive Agricultural Ecological Atlas of Russia and Neighboring Countries. Economic Plants and their Diseases, Pests and Weeds. http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/content/pests/Sparganothis_pilleriana/index.html [accessed 22 October 2020] mentions it occurring in Central America, but this is likely based on a misidentification of one of countless native species of Sparganothini found in the region.