Native
Endothenia hebesana (Walker) (Tortricidae: Olethreutinae: Olethreutini)
Common names: verbena bud moth
Synonyms: adjustana (Endothenia), daeckeana (Olethreutes), fillerea (Endothenia), fullerea (Penthina), inexpectana (Endothenia), inexpertana (Carpocapsa), kiyosatoensi (Endothenia), torquata (Argyroploce), toteniana (Endothenia)
FWL: 4.5-8.5 mm
Fresh specimens have a bluish-gray cast to the forewings with varying orange-brown scaling. Three gray spots edged with black are present near the termentermen:
the outer edge of the forewing 
. Worn specimens may be difficult to distinguish from similar species without a genitalic dissection. Males lack a forewing costal foldforewing costal fold:
a flap or fold at the base of the forewing that contains specialized sex scales
.
Male genitalia are characterized by a slender, apically expanding uncusuncus:
a sclerotized process which is fused to the posterodorsal margin of tergum IX
with stout setae; long, slender valvaevalvae:
plural of "valva"
with a cluster of dense, stout setae at the base of the valvaevalvae:
plural of "valva"; and the absence of cornuticornuti:
spines used to anchor the male vesica in the female bursa during copulation 
in the vesica. Female genitalia are characterized by a collar-like, outwardly projecting flange bordering the ostiumostium:
see ostium bursae 
posteriorly and laterally; and a single, pocket-like signumsignum:
a sclerotized projection or patch on the interior of the corpus bursae
in the corpus bursaecorpus bursae:
a dilated membranous sac at the anterior end of the bursa copulatrix
.
The following account is summarized from MacKay (1959)MacKay (1959):
MacKay, M. R. 1959. Larvae of the North American Olethreutidae (Lepidoptera). Canadian Entomologist, Supplement 10: 1-338..
Mature larva approximately 10 mm in length; width of head 0.8-1.0 mm; head, prothoracic shieldprothoracic shield:
a sclerotized plate on the dorsal surface of the prothorax 
black; body variable in color, but many individuals yellowish or reddish with inconspicuous pinaculapinacula:
flattened sclerotized plates on a caterpillar that bear the setae
; anal fork present with 4-6 teeth; SV group on A1, 2, 7, 8, 9 numbering 3:3:3:2:2.
Detailed figures of larval chaetotaxychaetotaxy:
the arrangement of setae (in reference to Lepidoptera larvae), often depicted on a "setal map"
are available in MacKay (1959)MacKay (1959):
MacKay, M. R. 1959. Larvae of the North American Olethreutidae (Lepidoptera). Canadian Entomologist, Supplement 10: 1-338..
Some species of Paralobesia species resemble E. hebesana in wing coloration and pattern. Worn specimens of E. hebesana may resemble a variety of North American olethreutines, and a genitalic dissection may be necessary to confirm identity.
Larvae are morphologically similar to those of Lobesia and Paralobesia, including Lobesia botrana and Paralobesia viteana. The D2 setae on A9 are on a joined " saddlesaddle:
in reference to the D2 pinacula on larval segment A9; both setae are on a single, fused pinaculum in the mid-dorsal region of the segment 
" pinaculumpinaculum:
singular of "pinacula"
, the D1 and SD1 setae on A9 are on a single pinaculumpinaculum:
singular of "pinacula", and the SV group on A7 is trisetose (SV counts 3:3:3:2:2). However, it unlikely that larvae of E. hebesana would be encountered on the same hosts as L. botrana or P. viteana.
The following account is summarized from Miller (1983)Miller (1983):
Miller, W. E. 1983. Nearctic Endothenia species: a new synonymy, a misidentification, and a revised status (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Great Lakes Entomologist. 16: 5-12..
Larvae develop in the seeds of their host plants. Adults are present in mid-April through September, many times in large numbers. Multiple generations are produced in southern locations.
Larvae of this species have been recorded feeding on members of at least eight plant families. In some areas it is considered a minor pest of ornamentals.
| Host plant | Host plant family | Reference(s) |
| Toxicodendron diversilobum | Anacardiaceae | USNM collectionUSNM collection: USNM collection. Based on identified reared specimens in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. |
| Solidago sp. | Asteraceae | Heinrich 1926Heinrich 1926: Heinrich, C. 1926. Revision of the North American moths of the subfamilies Laspeyresiinae and Olethreutinae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum. 132: 1-216.; MacKay 1959MacKay 1959: MacKay, M. R. 1959. Larvae of the North American Olethreutidae (Lepidoptera). Canadian Entomologist, Supplement 10: 1-338.; Kimball 1965Kimball 1965: Kimball, C. P. 1965. The Lepidoptera of Florida: an annotated checklist. In : Arthropods of Florida and neighboring land areas, vol. 1. Florida Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville. 363 pp. |
| Ostrya sp. | Betulaceae | MacKay 1959MacKay 1959: MacKay, M. R. 1959. Larvae of the North American Olethreutidae (Lepidoptera). Canadian Entomologist, Supplement 10: 1-338. |
| Frasera caroliniensis | Gentianaceae | MacKay 1959MacKay 1959: MacKay, M. R. 1959. Larvae of the North American Olethreutidae (Lepidoptera). Canadian Entomologist, Supplement 10: 1-338. |
| Gentiana saponaria | Gentianaceae | Windus & Snow 1993 |
| Gentianopsis crinita | Gentianaceae | USNM collectionUSNM collection: USNM collection. Based on identified reared specimens in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. |
| Iris sp. | Iridaceae | Heinrich 1926Heinrich 1926: Heinrich, C. 1926. Revision of the North American moths of the subfamilies Laspeyresiinae and Olethreutinae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum. 132: 1-216.; Kimball & Jones 1943; MacKay 1959MacKay 1959: MacKay, M. R. 1959. Larvae of the North American Olethreutidae (Lepidoptera). Canadian Entomologist, Supplement 10: 1-338.; Kimball 1965Kimball 1965: Kimball, C. P. 1965. The Lepidoptera of Florida: an annotated checklist. In : Arthropods of Florida and neighboring land areas, vol. 1. Florida Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville. 363 pp. |
| Tigridia sp. | Iridaceae | Fernald 1882aFernald 1882a: Fernald, C. H. 1882a. A synonymical catalogue of the described Tortricidae of North America, north of Mexico. Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 10: 1-64.; Heinrich 1926Heinrich 1926: Heinrich, C. 1926. Revision of the North American moths of the subfamilies Laspeyresiinae and Olethreutinae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum. 132: 1-216.; MacKay 1959MacKay 1959: MacKay, M. R. 1959. Larvae of the North American Olethreutidae (Lepidoptera). Canadian Entomologist, Supplement 10: 1-338.; Kimball 1965Kimball 1965: Kimball, C. P. 1965. The Lepidoptera of Florida: an annotated checklist. In : Arthropods of Florida and neighboring land areas, vol. 1. Florida Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville. 363 pp. |
| Physostegia sp. | Lamiaceae | Heinrich 1926Heinrich 1926: Heinrich, C. 1926. Revision of the North American moths of the subfamilies Laspeyresiinae and Olethreutinae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum. 132: 1-216.; MacKay 1959MacKay 1959: MacKay, M. R. 1959. Larvae of the North American Olethreutidae (Lepidoptera). Canadian Entomologist, Supplement 10: 1-338.; Kimball 1965Kimball 1965: Kimball, C. P. 1965. The Lepidoptera of Florida: an annotated checklist. In : Arthropods of Florida and neighboring land areas, vol. 1. Florida Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville. 363 pp. |
| Physostegia virginiana | Lamiaceae | Schaffner 1959Schaffner 1959: Schaffner, J. V. 1959. Microlepidoptera and their parasites reared from field collections in the northeastern United States. USDA, Misc. Publ. 767. 97 pp. |
| Scutellaria lateriflora | Lamiaceae | Godfrey et al. 1987Godfrey et al. 1987: Godfrey, G. L., Cashatt, E. D., Glenn, M. O. 1987. Microlepidoptera from the Sandy Creek and Illinois River Region: A annotated checklist of the suborders Dacnonypha, Monotrysia, and Ditrysia (in part) (Insecta). Spec. Publ. 7. Illinois Natural History Survey. |
| Scutellaria sp. | Lamiaceae | Godfrey et al. 1987Godfrey et al. 1987: Godfrey, G. L., Cashatt, E. D., Glenn, M. O. 1987. Microlepidoptera from the Sandy Creek and Illinois River Region: A annotated checklist of the suborders Dacnonypha, Monotrysia, and Ditrysia (in part) (Insecta). Spec. Publ. 7. Illinois Natural History Survey. |
| Stachys sp. | Lamiaceae | Heinrich 1926Heinrich 1926: Heinrich, C. 1926. Revision of the North American moths of the subfamilies Laspeyresiinae and Olethreutinae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum. 132: 1-216.; MacKay 1959MacKay 1959: MacKay, M. R. 1959. Larvae of the North American Olethreutidae (Lepidoptera). Canadian Entomologist, Supplement 10: 1-338.; Kimball 1965Kimball 1965: Kimball, C. P. 1965. The Lepidoptera of Florida: an annotated checklist. In : Arthropods of Florida and neighboring land areas, vol. 1. Florida Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville. 363 pp. |
| Teucrium canadense | Lamiaceae | Godfrey et al. 1987Godfrey et al. 1987: Godfrey, G. L., Cashatt, E. D., Glenn, M. O. 1987. Microlepidoptera from the Sandy Creek and Illinois River Region: A annotated checklist of the suborders Dacnonypha, Monotrysia, and Ditrysia (in part) (Insecta). Spec. Publ. 7. Illinois Natural History Survey. |
| Delphinium sp. | Ranunculaceae | Kuznetzov 1973 |
| Sarracenia purpurea | Sarraceniaceae | Kearfott 1907aKearfott 1907a: Kearfott, W. D. 1907a. New North American Tortricidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 33: 1-98.; Heinrich 1926Heinrich 1926: Heinrich, C. 1926. Revision of the North American moths of the subfamilies Laspeyresiinae and Olethreutinae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum. 132: 1-216. |
| Sarracenia sp. | Sarraceniaceae | Folkerts 1982Folkerts 1982: Folkerts, G. W. 1982. The Gulf Coast pitcher plant bogs. American Scientist. 70: 260-267.; Miller 1983b |
| Antirrhinum sp. | Scrophulariaceae | Riley 1868Riley 1868: Riley, C. V. 1868. [the tigridia-seed larvae]. In : Fuller, A. S. 1868. Injurious insects. The American Journal of Horticulture and Florist#39;s Companion. 4: 208.; Fernald 1882aFernald 1882a: Fernald, C. H. 1882a. A synonymical catalogue of the described Tortricidae of North America, north of Mexico. Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 10: 1-64.; Heinrich 1926Heinrich 1926: Heinrich, C. 1926. Revision of the North American moths of the subfamilies Laspeyresiinae and Olethreutinae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum. 132: 1-216.; MacKay 1959MacKay 1959: MacKay, M. R. 1959. Larvae of the North American Olethreutidae (Lepidoptera). Canadian Entomologist, Supplement 10: 1-338.; Kimball 1965Kimball 1965: Kimball, C. P. 1965. The Lepidoptera of Florida: an annotated checklist. In : Arthropods of Florida and neighboring land areas, vol. 1. Florida Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville. 363 pp. |
| Aureolaria flava | Scrophulariaceae | Godfrey et al. 1987Godfrey et al. 1987: Godfrey, G. L., Cashatt, E. D., Glenn, M. O. 1987. Microlepidoptera from the Sandy Creek and Illinois River Region: A annotated checklist of the suborders Dacnonypha, Monotrysia, and Ditrysia (in part) (Insecta). Spec. Publ. 7. Illinois Natural History Survey. |
| Aureolaria sp. | Scrophulariaceae | Heinrich 1926Heinrich 1926: Heinrich, C. 1926. Revision of the North American moths of the subfamilies Laspeyresiinae and Olethreutinae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum. 132: 1-216.; MacKay 1959MacKay 1959: MacKay, M. R. 1959. Larvae of the North American Olethreutidae (Lepidoptera). Canadian Entomologist, Supplement 10: 1-338.; Kimball 1965Kimball 1965: Kimball, C. P. 1965. The Lepidoptera of Florida: an annotated checklist. In : Arthropods of Florida and neighboring land areas, vol. 1. Florida Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville. 363 pp. |
| Castilleja affinis | Scrophulariaceae | De Benedictis et al. 1990De Benedictis et al. 1990: De Benedictis, J. A., Wagner, D. L., Whitfield, J. B. 1990. Larval hosts of Microlepidoptera of the San Bruno Mountains, California. Atala. 16: 14-35.; Powell 2006Powell 2006: Powell, J. A. 2006. Database of Lepidoptera rearing lots, 1960-2005. University of California Berkeley, CA. |
| Castilleja latifolia | Host plant table (embedded)
View full screen host table here DistributionEndothenia hebesana is present in eastern North America as well as the Pacific Coast from California to Washington. Records from Alaska, Montana, and Arizona require confirmation. It has also been reported from Bermuda, China, Finland, Japan, Norway, and Russia. LinksAdditional photos and a distribution map of this species in North America are available at Moth Photographers Group.
|
