Cydia fagiglandana

Type

Exotic

Taxonomy

Cydia fagiglandana (Zeller) (Tortricidae: Olethreutinae: Grapholitini)

Synonyms: grossana (Tortrix )

Subspecies: corsica (Corsica, France)

Adult Recognition

FWLFWL:
forewing length; the distance from the base of the forewing to the apex, including fringe
: 6.0-9.5 mm

Adults are brownish gray with numerous white markings. A subtriangular dark patch is present proximalproximal:
toward the base, nearest the body or point of attachment
to the poorly defined ocellusocellus:
forewing pattern element - an ovoid region anterior to the tornus; adult head - a simple insect "eye" located dorsal to the compound eye
. Males have a whitish-gray patch of sex scales on the dark brown hindwings.

Male genitalia are characterized by the absence of an uncusuncus:
a sclerotized process which is fused to the posterodorsal margin of tergum IX
; distally rounded valvaevalva:
an appendage flanking the intromittent organ that is used to clasp the female during copulation
with a large basal cavity; and a thin, curved phallusphallus:
the male intromittent organ (penis); see "aedeagus"
. Female genitalia are characterized by a poorly sclerotizedsclerotized:
hardened; usually in reference to larval structures or adult genitalia
sterigma and two tack-like signasignum:
a sclerotized projection or patch on the interior of the corpus bursae
in the corpus bursaecorpus bursae:
a dilated membranous sac at the anterior end of the bursa copulatrix
.

Larval Morphology

The following account is summarized from Swatschek (1958)Swatschek (1958):
Swatschek, B. 1958. Die larval systematik der wickler (Tortricidae und Carposinidae) aus dem zoologischen Institut der Universitat Erlangen. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin. 269 pp. [Abhandlungen zur larvalsystematik Insekten 3.].

Mature larva approximately 14 mm in length; head orange-brown; prothoracic shieldprothoracic shield:
a sclerotized plate on the dorsal surface of the prothorax
pale reddish yellow; body whitish but often heavily suffused with orange, red, or pink; pinacula orange to red; anal fork absent.

Similar Species

Similar species include Cydia splendana in Europe and Cydia kurokoi in Asia, although both are generally lighter gray in color and have a large subtriangular patch surrounding the ocellusocellus:
forewing pattern element - an ovoid region anterior to the tornus; adult head - a simple insect "eye" located dorsal to the compound eye
on the distaldistal:
farthest from body, distant from point of attachment
one-third of the forewing.

Other tortricid Castanea pests include Cydia glandicolana, Cydia kurokoi, Cydia splendana, Fibuloides aestuosa, and Pammene fasciana. Brown & Komai (2008) provide a description and key to larvae of these species. Cydia fagiglandana larvae can be distinguished by the following characters: abdomen reddish white with orange to red pinaculapinaculum:
flattened sclerotized plates on a caterpillar that bear the setae
; distance between V setae on A9 usually the same as on A8; more than 18 crochetscrochets:
hooked spines on the prolegs of lepidopterous larvae
on abdominal prolegs; anal combanal comb:
a toothed structure on the last abdominal segment used to eject frass away from the feeding larva; also termed "anal fork"
absent.

Biology

The following account is summarized from Arahou (1994) and Jiménez et al. (2006).

Cydia fagiglandana completes a single generation per year. Adults are present from May to October, depending on location.

On chestnut, females deposit eggs near the fruits. Larvae bore into the fruit and consume the seeds. Larvae may complete development within a single fruit or move to other fruits in host species with small seeds. Overwintering occurs as a late instar larva. Pupation occurs in the spring.

Larvae are a common pest of beech, chestnut, and oak.

Host plant	Host plant family	Reference(s)
Corylus avellana	Betulaceae	Wastljung 1988Wastljung 1988: Wastljung, U. 1988. Seed predation in relation to crop size and stand size in hazel Corylus avellana L. and beech Fagus sylvatica L. Acta Univ. Ups. (Compr. Summ. Abstr. Uppsala Diss. Sci.) No. 162: 1-27.
Castanea sativa	Fagaceae	Rotundo et al. 1984Rotundo et al. 1984: Rotundo, G., Giacometti, R., Rotundo, A. 1984. Individuazione degli attrativi sessuali dei torticidi delle castagne mediante studio elettroantennografico e di campo. Bollettino Laboratori Entomologia Agraria Filippo Silvestri. 41: 211-224 [In Italian].; Rotundo et al. 1985Rotundo et al. 1985: Rotundo, G., Giacometti, R., Rotundo, A. 1985. I semiochemici delle tortrici dele castagne. Atti Congr. Naz. Ital. Entomol. 14: 491-498.; Rotundo & Tremblay 1993; Den Otter et al. 1996Den Otter et al. 1996: Den Otter, C. J., De Cristofaro, A., Voskamp, K. E., Rotundo, G. 1996. Electrophysiological and behvioural responses of chestnut moths, Cydia fagiglandana and C. splendana (Lep., Tortricidae), to sexual attractants and odours of host plants. Journal of Applied Entomology. 120: 413-421.
Castanea sp.	Fagaceae	Rotundo & Giacometti 1986; Martin et al. 1998Martin et al. 1998: Martin, A., Baronio, P., Baldassari, N., Rocchetta, G. 1998. I lepidotteri torticidi del castagno ( Pammene fasciana (L.), Cydia fagiglandana (Zel.) e Cydia splendana (Hb.)) valutati come un#39;unica entita di danno. Bolletim Istituto Entomol. quot;Guido Grandiquot; Univ. Bologna. 52: 105-114.
Fagus sylvatica	Fagaceae	Nielsen 1977Nielsen 1977: Nielsen, B. O. 1977. Beech seeds as an ecosystem component. Oikos. 29: 268-274.; Bradley et al. 1979Bradley et al. 1979: Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G., Smith, A. 1979. British Tortricoid Moths, Tortricidae: Olethreutinae. The Ray Society, London. 336 pp.; Nilsson & Wastljung 1987; Wastljung 1988Wastljung 1988: Wastljung, U. 1988. Seed predation in relation to crop size and stand size in hazel Corylus avellana L. and beech Fagus sylvatica L. Acta Univ. Ups. (Compr. Summ. Abstr. Uppsala Diss. Sci.) No. 162: 1-27.; Skrzypczynska 2004
Quercus ilex	Fagaceae	Jimenez et al. 2006; Soria et al. 1999Soria et al. 1999: Soria, F. J., Villagraacute;n, M., Martiacute;n, P., Ocete, M. E. 1999. Curculio elephas (Gyllenhal) (Col.: Curculionidae) y Cydia fagiglandana (Zeller) (Lep.: Tortricidae) en encina ( Quercus rotundifolia Lam.): infestacioacute;n y relaciones interspecificas. Boletin de Sanidad Vegetal Plagas. 25: 125-130.
Quercus suber	Fagaceae	Villemant & Fraval 1993; Soria et al. 1999Soria et al. 1999: Soria, F. J., Villagraacute;n, M., Martiacute;n, P., Ocete, M. E. 1999. Curculio elephas (Gyllenhal) (Col.: Curculionidae) y Cydia fagiglandana (Zeller) (Lep.: Tortricidae) en encina ( Quercus rotundifolia Lam.): infestacioacute;n y relaciones interspecificas. Boletin de Sanidad Vegetal Plagas. 25: 125-130.
Quercus sp.	Fagaceae	Arahou 1994Arahou 1994: Arahou, M. 1994. Biologie et degats de Curculio glandium Marsham, 1802 (Coletoptera, Curculinionidae) et de Cydia fagiglandana Zeller, 1841 (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), deux ravegeurs des glands du chene vert dans la Moyen-Atlas marocain. Entomologiste (Paris) 50(4): 253-259.; Jimenez et al. 2006