Exotic
Exotic, but established
Native
Cydia Hübner (Tortricidae: Olethreutinae: Grapholitini)
Cydia is a worldwide genus that contains approximately 250 described species. A recent phylogeny suggests that Cydia may be paraphyletic, with some species such as C. saltitans, likely belonging to other genera of Grapholitini (Hu et al. 2023Hu et al. 2023:
Hu, G.-L., Brown, J.W., Heikkilä, M., Aarvik, L., Mutanen, M. 2023. Molecular phylogeny, divergence time, biogeography and trends in host plant usage in the agriculturally important tortricid tribe Grapholitini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae). Cladistics. 39(5): 359-381.).
Adults are small to medium sized and many species are gray-brown with a distinct ocellusocellus:
forewing pattern element - an ovoid region anterior to the tornus; adult head - a simple insect "eye" located dorsal to the compound eye 
. The genus is characterized by a thickened anal fold on the ventralventral:
lower, to the bottom, on the under side
surface of the male hindwing that contains a hair pencil and modified sex scales (Horak 2006Horak 2006:
Horak, M. 2006. Olethreutine moths of Australia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera, Vol. 10. 522 pp.). Male genitalia are characterized by the absence of an uncusuncus:
a sclerotized process which is fused to the posterodorsal margin of tergum IX
and sociisocii:
a pair of lightly sclerotized setose lobes
and constriction of the valval neck. Females usually have two signasignum:
a sclerotized projection or patch on the interior of the corpus bursae
in the corpus bursaecorpus bursae:
a dilated membranous sac at the anterior end of the bursa copulatrix
.
Cydia larvae are borers in the fruit, nuts, cones, and pods of mainly Fabaceae, Fagaceae, Pinaceae, and Rosaceae. Larvae are whitish to reddish and resemble those of other internally feeding olethreutines. Grapholita larvae are similar in appearance but the two genera can usually be separated by the anal combanal comb:
a toothed structure on the last abdominal segment used to eject frass away from the feeding larva; also termed "anal fork" 
, which is present in many Grapholita and absent in most Cydia.
For more information on Cydia larvae, please consult the fact sheet and keys on LepIntercept.
This genus contains many pest species, such as Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus), which is the most widely distributed and important pest of apple, pear, and walnuts in the world. Cydia larvae are some of the most commonly intercepted tortricid larvae at U.S. ports of entry, and the species treated here cover the most commonly intercepted taxa, which arrive primarily from Asia, Europe, and South America. For photos of additional non-targets not covered here, visit the Moth Photographers Group link below.
Exotic species
Cydia saltitans
Cydia splendana
Cydia strobilella
Exotic, but established species
Native species
Cydia caryana
Cydia garacana
Cydia latiferreana
Cydia toreuta
View full screen host table here
Figs. 9, 11: Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org
Fig. 10: Gyorgy Csoka, Hungary Forest Research Institute, Bugwood.org
Fig. 12: Gyorgy Csoka, Hungary Forest Research Institute, Bugwood.org
Additional photos and distribution maps for species in the United States and Canada are available at Moth Photographers Group.
